Add c[lt]z idiom recognition

This recognises the patterns of the form:
  while (n & 1) { n >>= 1 }

Unfortunately there are currently two issues relating to this patch.

Firstly, simplify_using_initial_conditions does not recognise that
	(n != 0) and ((n & 1) == 0) implies that ((n >> 1) != 0).

This preconditions arise following the loop copy-header pass, and the
assumptions returned by number_of_iterations_exit_assumptions then
prevent final value replacement from using the niter result.

I'm not sure what is the best way to fix this - one approach could be to
modify simplify_using_initial_conditions to handle this sort of case,
but it seems that it basically wants the information that ranger could
give anway, so would something like that be a better option?

The second issue arises in the vectoriser, which is able to determine
that the niter->assumptions are always true.
When building with -march=armv8.4-a+sve -S -O3, we get this codegen:

foo (unsigned int b) {
    int c = 0;

    if (b == 0)
      return PREC;

    while (!(b & (1 << (PREC - 1)))) {
        b <<= 1;
        c++;
    }

    return c;
}

foo:
.LFB0:
        .cfi_startproc
        cmp     w0, 0
        cbz     w0, .L6
        blt     .L7
        lsl     w1, w0, 1
        clz     w2, w1
        cmp     w2, 14
        bls     .L8
        mov     x0, 0
        cntw    x3
        add     w1, w2, 1
        index   z1.s, #0, #1
        whilelo p0.s, wzr, w1
.L4:
        add     x0, x0, x3
        mov     p1.b, p0.b
        mov     z0.d, z1.d
        whilelo p0.s, w0, w1
        incw    z1.s
        b.any   .L4
        add     z0.s, z0.s, #1
        lastb   w0, p1, z0.s
        ret
        .p2align 2,,3
.L8:
        mov     w0, 0
        b       .L3
        .p2align 2,,3
.L13:
        lsl     w1, w1, 1
.L3:
        add     w0, w0, 1
        tbz     w1, #31, .L13
        ret
        .p2align 2,,3
.L6:
        mov     w0, 32
        ret
        .p2align 2,,3
.L7:
        mov     w0, 0
        ret
        .cfi_endproc

In essence, the vectoriser uses the niter information to determine
exactly how many iterations of the loop it needs to run. It then uses
SVE whilelo instructions to run this number of iterations. The original
loop counter is also vectorised, despite only being used in the final
iteration, and then the final value of this counter is used as the
return value (which is the same as the number of iterations it computed
in the first place).

This vectorisation is obviously bad, and I think it exposes a latent
bug in the vectoriser, rather than being an issue caused by this
specific patch.

gcc/ChangeLog:

	* tree-ssa-loop-niter.cc (number_of_iterations_cltz): New.
	(number_of_iterations_bitcount): Add call to the above.
	(number_of_iterations_exit_assumptions): Add EQ_EXPR case for
	c[lt]z idiom recognition.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/cltz-max.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-char.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-int.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-long-long.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-long.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-char.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-int.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-long-long.c: New test.
	* gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-long.c: New test.

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/cltz-max.c

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-loop-optimize -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__)
+
+int clz_count1 (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+    while (!(b & (1 << (PREC - 1)))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+    if (c <= PREC - 1)
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return 34567;
+}
+
+int clz_count2 (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+    while (!(b & (1 << PREC - 1))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+    if (c <= PREC - 2)
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return 76543;
+}
+
+int ctz_count1 (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+    if (c <= PREC - 1)
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return 23456;
+}
+
+int ctz_count2 (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+    if (c <= PREC - 2)
+      return 0;
+    else
+      return 65432;
+}
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "34567" 0 "optimized" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "76543" 1 "optimized" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "23456" 0 "optimized" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "65432" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-char.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target clzl } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & (1 << (PREC - 1)))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1 << (PREC - 1)) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != PREC - 6)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_clz|\\.CLZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-int.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target clzl } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_INT__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned int b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & (1 << (PREC - 1)))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1 << (PREC - 1)) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != PREC - 6)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_clz|\\.CLZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-long-long.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target clzll } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned long long b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & (1LL << (PREC - 1)))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1LL << (PREC - 1)) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != PREC - 6)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_clz|\\.CLZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/clz-long.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target clzl } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned long b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & (1L << (PREC - 1)))) {
+	b <<= 1;
+	c++;
+}
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1L << (PREC - 1)) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != PREC - 6)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_clz|\\.CLZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-char.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target ctz } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned char b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(128) != 7)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(96) != 5)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_ctz|\\.CTZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-int.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target ctz } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_INT__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned int b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1 << (PREC - 1)) != PREC - 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(96) != 5)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_ctz|\\.CTZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-long-long.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target ctzll } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG_LONG__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned long long b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1LL << (PREC - 1)) != PREC - 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(96) != 5)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_ctz|\\.CTZ" 1 "optimized" } } */

gcc/testsuite/gcc.dg/tree-ssa/ctz-long.c

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/* { dg-do run } */
+/* { dg-require-effective-target ctzl } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -fno-tree-ch -fdump-tree-optimized" } */
+
+#define PREC (__CHAR_BIT__ * __SIZEOF_LONG__)
+
+int
+__attribute__ ((noinline, noclone))
+foo (unsigned long b) {
+    int c = 0;
+
+    if (b == 0)
+      return PREC;
+
+    while (!(b & 1)) {
+	b >>= 1;
+	c++;
+    }
+
+    return c;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  if (foo(0) != PREC)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(1L << (PREC - 1)) != PREC - 1)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(96) != 5)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  if (foo(35) != 0)
+    __builtin_abort ();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-tree-dump-times "__builtin_ctz|\\.CTZ" 1 "optimized" } } */