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ipkernel.py
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ipkernel.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python
"""A simple interactive kernel that talks to a frontend over 0MQ.
Things to do:
* Implement `set_parent` logic. Right before doing exec, the Kernel should
call set_parent on all the PUB objects with the message about to be executed.
* Implement random port and security key logic.
* Implement control messages.
* Implement event loop and poll version.
"""
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Imports
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
from __future__ import print_function
# Standard library imports.
import __builtin__
import atexit
import sys
import time
import traceback
import logging
# System library imports.
import zmq
# Local imports.
from IPython.config.configurable import Configurable
from IPython.config.application import boolean_flag
from IPython.core.application import ProfileDir
from IPython.core.error import StdinNotImplementedError
from IPython.core.shellapp import (
InteractiveShellApp, shell_flags, shell_aliases
)
from IPython.utils import io
from IPython.utils import py3compat
from IPython.utils.jsonutil import json_clean
from IPython.lib import pylabtools
from IPython.utils.traitlets import (
Any, List, Instance, Float, Dict, Bool, Int, Unicode, CaselessStrEnum
)
from entry_point import base_launch_kernel
from kernelapp import KernelApp, kernel_flags, kernel_aliases
from iostream import OutStream
from session import Session, Message
from zmqshell import ZMQInteractiveShell
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main kernel class
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Kernel(Configurable):
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel interface
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# attribute to override with a GUI
eventloop = Any(None)
shell = Instance('IPython.core.interactiveshell.InteractiveShellABC')
session = Instance(Session)
shell_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
iopub_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
stdin_socket = Instance('zmq.Socket')
log = Instance(logging.Logger)
# Private interface
# Time to sleep after flushing the stdout/err buffers in each execute
# cycle. While this introduces a hard limit on the minimal latency of the
# execute cycle, it helps prevent output synchronization problems for
# clients.
# Units are in seconds. The minimum zmq latency on local host is probably
# ~150 microseconds, set this to 500us for now. We may need to increase it
# a little if it's not enough after more interactive testing.
_execute_sleep = Float(0.0005, config=True)
# Frequency of the kernel's event loop.
# Units are in seconds, kernel subclasses for GUI toolkits may need to
# adapt to milliseconds.
_poll_interval = Float(0.05, config=True)
# If the shutdown was requested over the network, we leave here the
# necessary reply message so it can be sent by our registered atexit
# handler. This ensures that the reply is only sent to clients truly at
# the end of our shutdown process (which happens after the underlying
# IPython shell's own shutdown).
_shutdown_message = None
# This is a dict of port number that the kernel is listening on. It is set
# by record_ports and used by connect_request.
_recorded_ports = Dict()
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super(Kernel, self).__init__(**kwargs)
# Before we even start up the shell, register *first* our exit handlers
# so they come before the shell's
atexit.register(self._at_shutdown)
# Initialize the InteractiveShell subclass
self.shell = ZMQInteractiveShell.instance(config=self.config)
self.shell.displayhook.session = self.session
self.shell.displayhook.pub_socket = self.iopub_socket
self.shell.display_pub.session = self.session
self.shell.display_pub.pub_socket = self.iopub_socket
# TMP - hack while developing
self.shell._reply_content = None
# Build dict of handlers for message types
msg_types = [ 'execute_request', 'complete_request',
'object_info_request', 'history_request',
'connect_request', 'shutdown_request']
self.handlers = {}
for msg_type in msg_types:
self.handlers[msg_type] = getattr(self, msg_type)
def do_one_iteration(self):
"""Do one iteration of the kernel's evaluation loop.
"""
try:
ident,msg = self.session.recv(self.shell_socket, zmq.NOBLOCK)
except Exception:
self.log.warn("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)
return
if msg is None:
return
msg_type = msg['header']['msg_type']
# This assert will raise in versions of zeromq 2.0.7 and lesser.
# We now require 2.0.8 or above, so we can uncomment for safety.
# print(ident,msg, file=sys.__stdout__)
assert ident is not None, "Missing message part."
# Print some info about this message and leave a '--->' marker, so it's
# easier to trace visually the message chain when debugging. Each
# handler prints its message at the end.
self.log.debug('\n*** MESSAGE TYPE:'+str(msg_type)+'***')
self.log.debug(' Content: '+str(msg['content'])+'\n --->\n ')
# Find and call actual handler for message
handler = self.handlers.get(msg_type, None)
if handler is None:
self.log.error("UNKNOWN MESSAGE TYPE:" +str(msg))
else:
handler(ident, msg)
# Check whether we should exit, in case the incoming message set the
# exit flag on
if self.shell.exit_now:
self.log.debug('\nExiting IPython kernel...')
# We do a normal, clean exit, which allows any actions registered
# via atexit (such as history saving) to take place.
sys.exit(0)
def start(self):
""" Start the kernel main loop.
"""
poller = zmq.Poller()
poller.register(self.shell_socket, zmq.POLLIN)
# loop while self.eventloop has not been overridden
while self.eventloop is None:
try:
# scale by extra factor of 10, because there is no
# reason for this to be anything less than ~ 0.1s
# since it is a real poller and will respond
# to events immediately
# double nested try/except, to properly catch KeyboardInterrupt
# due to pyzmq Issue #130
try:
poller.poll(10*1000*self._poll_interval)
self.do_one_iteration()
except:
raise
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Ctrl-C shouldn't crash the kernel
io.raw_print("KeyboardInterrupt caught in kernel")
if self.eventloop is not None:
try:
self.eventloop(self)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Ctrl-C shouldn't crash the kernel
io.raw_print("KeyboardInterrupt caught in kernel")
def record_ports(self, ports):
"""Record the ports that this kernel is using.
The creator of the Kernel instance must call this methods if they
want the :meth:`connect_request` method to return the port numbers.
"""
self._recorded_ports = ports
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel request handlers
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _publish_pyin(self, code, parent):
"""Publish the code request on the pyin stream."""
pyin_msg = self.session.send(self.iopub_socket, u'pyin',{u'code':code}, parent=parent)
def execute_request(self, ident, parent):
status_msg = self.session.send(self.iopub_socket,
u'status',
{u'execution_state':u'busy'},
parent=parent
)
try:
content = parent[u'content']
code = content[u'code']
silent = content[u'silent']
except:
self.log.error("Got bad msg: ")
self.log.error(str(Message(parent)))
return
shell = self.shell # we'll need this a lot here
# Replace raw_input. Note that is not sufficient to replace
# raw_input in the user namespace.
if content.get('allow_stdin', False):
raw_input = lambda prompt='': self._raw_input(prompt, ident, parent)
else:
raw_input = lambda prompt='' : self._no_raw_input()
if py3compat.PY3:
__builtin__.input = raw_input
else:
__builtin__.raw_input = raw_input
# Set the parent message of the display hook and out streams.
shell.displayhook.set_parent(parent)
shell.display_pub.set_parent(parent)
sys.stdout.set_parent(parent)
sys.stderr.set_parent(parent)
# Re-broadcast our input for the benefit of listening clients, and
# start computing output
if not silent:
self._publish_pyin(code, parent)
reply_content = {}
try:
if silent:
# run_code uses 'exec' mode, so no displayhook will fire, and it
# doesn't call logging or history manipulations. Print
# statements in that code will obviously still execute.
shell.run_code(code)
else:
# FIXME: the shell calls the exception handler itself.
shell.run_cell(code, store_history=True)
except:
status = u'error'
# FIXME: this code right now isn't being used yet by default,
# because the run_cell() call above directly fires off exception
# reporting. This code, therefore, is only active in the scenario
# where runlines itself has an unhandled exception. We need to
# uniformize this, for all exception construction to come from a
# single location in the codbase.
etype, evalue, tb = sys.exc_info()
tb_list = traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, tb)
reply_content.update(shell._showtraceback(etype, evalue, tb_list))
else:
status = u'ok'
reply_content[u'status'] = status
# Return the execution counter so clients can display prompts
reply_content['execution_count'] = shell.execution_count -1
# FIXME - fish exception info out of shell, possibly left there by
# runlines. We'll need to clean up this logic later.
if shell._reply_content is not None:
reply_content.update(shell._reply_content)
# reset after use
shell._reply_content = None
# At this point, we can tell whether the main code execution succeeded
# or not. If it did, we proceed to evaluate user_variables/expressions
if reply_content['status'] == 'ok':
reply_content[u'user_variables'] = \
shell.user_variables(content[u'user_variables'])
reply_content[u'user_expressions'] = \
shell.user_expressions(content[u'user_expressions'])
else:
# If there was an error, don't even try to compute variables or
# expressions
reply_content[u'user_variables'] = {}
reply_content[u'user_expressions'] = {}
# Payloads should be retrieved regardless of outcome, so we can both
# recover partial output (that could have been generated early in a
# block, before an error) and clear the payload system always.
reply_content[u'payload'] = shell.payload_manager.read_payload()
# Be agressive about clearing the payload because we don't want
# it to sit in memory until the next execute_request comes in.
shell.payload_manager.clear_payload()
# Flush output before sending the reply.
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stderr.flush()
# FIXME: on rare occasions, the flush doesn't seem to make it to the
# clients... This seems to mitigate the problem, but we definitely need
# to better understand what's going on.
if self._execute_sleep:
time.sleep(self._execute_sleep)
# Send the reply.
reply_content = json_clean(reply_content)
reply_msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, u'execute_reply',
reply_content, parent, ident=ident)
self.log.debug(str(reply_msg))
if reply_msg['content']['status'] == u'error':
self._abort_queue()
status_msg = self.session.send(self.iopub_socket,
u'status',
{u'execution_state':u'idle'},
parent=parent
)
def complete_request(self, ident, parent):
txt, matches = self._complete(parent)
matches = {'matches' : matches,
'matched_text' : txt,
'status' : 'ok'}
matches = json_clean(matches)
completion_msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, 'complete_reply',
matches, parent, ident)
self.log.debug(str(completion_msg))
def object_info_request(self, ident, parent):
object_info = self.shell.object_inspect(parent['content']['oname'])
# Before we send this object over, we scrub it for JSON usage
oinfo = json_clean(object_info)
msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, 'object_info_reply',
oinfo, parent, ident)
self.log.debug(msg)
def history_request(self, ident, parent):
# We need to pull these out, as passing **kwargs doesn't work with
# unicode keys before Python 2.6.5.
hist_access_type = parent['content']['hist_access_type']
raw = parent['content']['raw']
output = parent['content']['output']
if hist_access_type == 'tail':
n = parent['content']['n']
hist = self.shell.history_manager.get_tail(n, raw=raw, output=output,
include_latest=True)
elif hist_access_type == 'range':
session = parent['content']['session']
start = parent['content']['start']
stop = parent['content']['stop']
hist = self.shell.history_manager.get_range(session, start, stop,
raw=raw, output=output)
elif hist_access_type == 'search':
pattern = parent['content']['pattern']
hist = self.shell.history_manager.search(pattern, raw=raw, output=output)
else:
hist = []
content = {'history' : list(hist)}
content = json_clean(content)
msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, 'history_reply',
content, parent, ident)
self.log.debug(str(msg))
def connect_request(self, ident, parent):
if self._recorded_ports is not None:
content = self._recorded_ports.copy()
else:
content = {}
msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, 'connect_reply',
content, parent, ident)
self.log.debug(msg)
def shutdown_request(self, ident, parent):
self.shell.exit_now = True
self._shutdown_message = self.session.msg(u'shutdown_reply', parent['content'], parent)
sys.exit(0)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Protected interface
#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def _abort_queue(self):
while True:
try:
ident,msg = self.session.recv(self.shell_socket, zmq.NOBLOCK)
except Exception:
self.log.warn("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)
continue
if msg is None:
break
else:
assert ident is not None, \
"Unexpected missing message part."
self.log.debug("Aborting:\n"+str(Message(msg)))
msg_type = msg['header']['msg_type']
reply_type = msg_type.split('_')[0] + '_reply'
reply_msg = self.session.send(self.shell_socket, reply_type,
{'status' : 'aborted'}, msg, ident=ident)
self.log.debug(reply_msg)
# We need to wait a bit for requests to come in. This can probably
# be set shorter for true asynchronous clients.
time.sleep(0.1)
def _no_raw_input(self):
"""Raise StdinNotImplentedError if active frontend doesn't support stdin."""
raise StdinNotImplementedError("raw_input was called, but this frontend does not support stdin.")
def _raw_input(self, prompt, ident, parent):
# Flush output before making the request.
sys.stderr.flush()
sys.stdout.flush()
# Send the input request.
content = json_clean(dict(prompt=prompt))
msg = self.session.send(self.stdin_socket, u'input_request', content, parent, ident=ident)
# Await a response.
while True:
try:
ident, reply = self.session.recv(self.stdin_socket, 0)
except Exception:
self.log.warn("Invalid Message:", exc_info=True)
else:
break
try:
value = reply['content']['value']
except:
self.log.error("Got bad raw_input reply: ")
self.log.error(str(Message(parent)))
value = ''
return value
def _complete(self, msg):
c = msg['content']
try:
cpos = int(c['cursor_pos'])
except:
# If we don't get something that we can convert to an integer, at
# least attempt the completion guessing the cursor is at the end of
# the text, if there's any, and otherwise of the line
cpos = len(c['text'])
if cpos==0:
cpos = len(c['line'])
return self.shell.complete(c['text'], c['line'], cpos)
def _object_info(self, context):
symbol, leftover = self._symbol_from_context(context)
if symbol is not None and not leftover:
doc = getattr(symbol, '__doc__', '')
else:
doc = ''
object_info = dict(docstring = doc)
return object_info
def _symbol_from_context(self, context):
if not context:
return None, context
base_symbol_string = context[0]
symbol = self.shell.user_ns.get(base_symbol_string, None)
if symbol is None:
symbol = __builtin__.__dict__.get(base_symbol_string, None)
if symbol is None:
return None, context
context = context[1:]
for i, name in enumerate(context):
new_symbol = getattr(symbol, name, None)
if new_symbol is None:
return symbol, context[i:]
else:
symbol = new_symbol
return symbol, []
def _at_shutdown(self):
"""Actions taken at shutdown by the kernel, called by python's atexit.
"""
# io.rprint("Kernel at_shutdown") # dbg
if self._shutdown_message is not None:
self.session.send(self.shell_socket, self._shutdown_message)
self.session.send(self.iopub_socket, self._shutdown_message)
self.log.debug(str(self._shutdown_message))
# A very short sleep to give zmq time to flush its message buffers
# before Python truly shuts down.
time.sleep(0.01)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Eventloops for integrating the Kernel into different GUIs
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def loop_qt4(kernel):
"""Start a kernel with PyQt4 event loop integration."""
from IPython.external.qt_for_kernel import QtCore
from IPython.lib.guisupport import get_app_qt4, start_event_loop_qt4
kernel.app = get_app_qt4([" "])
kernel.app.setQuitOnLastWindowClosed(False)
kernel.timer = QtCore.QTimer()
kernel.timer.timeout.connect(kernel.do_one_iteration)
# Units for the timer are in milliseconds
kernel.timer.start(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
start_event_loop_qt4(kernel.app)
def loop_wx(kernel):
"""Start a kernel with wx event loop support."""
import wx
from IPython.lib.guisupport import start_event_loop_wx
doi = kernel.do_one_iteration
# Wx uses milliseconds
poll_interval = int(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
# We have to put the wx.Timer in a wx.Frame for it to fire properly.
# We make the Frame hidden when we create it in the main app below.
class TimerFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, func):
wx.Frame.__init__(self, None, -1)
self.timer = wx.Timer(self)
# Units for the timer are in milliseconds
self.timer.Start(poll_interval)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.on_timer)
self.func = func
def on_timer(self, event):
self.func()
# We need a custom wx.App to create our Frame subclass that has the
# wx.Timer to drive the ZMQ event loop.
class IPWxApp(wx.App):
def OnInit(self):
self.frame = TimerFrame(doi)
self.frame.Show(False)
return True
# The redirect=False here makes sure that wx doesn't replace
# sys.stdout/stderr with its own classes.
kernel.app = IPWxApp(redirect=False)
start_event_loop_wx(kernel.app)
def loop_tk(kernel):
"""Start a kernel with the Tk event loop."""
import Tkinter
doi = kernel.do_one_iteration
# Tk uses milliseconds
poll_interval = int(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
# For Tkinter, we create a Tk object and call its withdraw method.
class Timer(object):
def __init__(self, func):
self.app = Tkinter.Tk()
self.app.withdraw()
self.func = func
def on_timer(self):
self.func()
self.app.after(poll_interval, self.on_timer)
def start(self):
self.on_timer() # Call it once to get things going.
self.app.mainloop()
kernel.timer = Timer(doi)
kernel.timer.start()
def loop_gtk(kernel):
"""Start the kernel, coordinating with the GTK event loop"""
from .gui.gtkembed import GTKEmbed
gtk_kernel = GTKEmbed(kernel)
gtk_kernel.start()
def loop_cocoa(kernel):
"""Start the kernel, coordinating with the Cocoa CFRunLoop event loop
via the matplotlib MacOSX backend.
"""
import matplotlib
if matplotlib.__version__ < '1.1.0':
kernel.log.warn(
"MacOSX backend in matplotlib %s doesn't have a Timer, "
"falling back on Tk for CFRunLoop integration. Note that "
"even this won't work if Tk is linked against X11 instead of "
"Cocoa (e.g. EPD). To use the MacOSX backend in the kernel, "
"you must use matplotlib >= 1.1.0, or a native libtk."
)
return loop_tk(kernel)
from matplotlib.backends.backend_macosx import TimerMac, show
# scale interval for sec->ms
poll_interval = int(1000*kernel._poll_interval)
real_excepthook = sys.excepthook
def handle_int(etype, value, tb):
"""don't let KeyboardInterrupts look like crashes"""
if etype is KeyboardInterrupt:
io.raw_print("KeyboardInterrupt caught in CFRunLoop")
else:
real_excepthook(etype, value, tb)
# add doi() as a Timer to the CFRunLoop
def doi():
# restore excepthook during IPython code
sys.excepthook = real_excepthook
kernel.do_one_iteration()
# and back:
sys.excepthook = handle_int
t = TimerMac(poll_interval)
t.add_callback(doi)
t.start()
# but still need a Poller for when there are no active windows,
# during which time mainloop() returns immediately
poller = zmq.Poller()
poller.register(kernel.shell_socket, zmq.POLLIN)
while True:
try:
# double nested try/except, to properly catch KeyboardInterrupt
# due to pyzmq Issue #130
try:
# don't let interrupts during mainloop invoke crash_handler:
sys.excepthook = handle_int
show.mainloop()
sys.excepthook = real_excepthook
# use poller if mainloop returned (no windows)
# scale by extra factor of 10, since it's a real poll
poller.poll(10*poll_interval)
kernel.do_one_iteration()
except:
raise
except KeyboardInterrupt:
# Ctrl-C shouldn't crash the kernel
io.raw_print("KeyboardInterrupt caught in kernel")
finally:
# ensure excepthook is restored
sys.excepthook = real_excepthook
# mapping of keys to loop functions
loop_map = {
'qt' : loop_qt4,
'qt4': loop_qt4,
'inline': None,
'osx': loop_cocoa,
'wx' : loop_wx,
'tk' : loop_tk,
'gtk': loop_gtk,
}
def enable_gui(gui, kernel=None):
"""Enable integration with a give GUI"""
if kernel is None:
kernel = IPKernelApp.instance().kernel
if gui not in loop_map:
raise ValueError("GUI %r not supported" % gui)
loop = loop_map[gui]
if kernel.eventloop is not None and kernel.eventloop is not loop:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot activate multiple GUI eventloops")
kernel.eventloop = loop
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Aliases and Flags for the IPKernelApp
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
flags = dict(kernel_flags)
flags.update(shell_flags)
addflag = lambda *args: flags.update(boolean_flag(*args))
flags['pylab'] = (
{'IPKernelApp' : {'pylab' : 'auto'}},
"""Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use with
the default matplotlib backend."""
)
aliases = dict(kernel_aliases)
aliases.update(shell_aliases)
# it's possible we don't want short aliases for *all* of these:
aliases.update(dict(
pylab='IPKernelApp.pylab',
))
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The IPKernelApp class
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class IPKernelApp(KernelApp, InteractiveShellApp):
name = 'ipkernel'
aliases = Dict(aliases)
flags = Dict(flags)
classes = [Kernel, ZMQInteractiveShell, ProfileDir, Session]
# configurables
pylab = CaselessStrEnum(['tk', 'qt', 'wx', 'gtk', 'osx', 'inline', 'auto'],
config=True,
help="""Pre-load matplotlib and numpy for interactive use,
selecting a particular matplotlib backend and loop integration.
"""
)
def initialize(self, argv=None):
super(IPKernelApp, self).initialize(argv)
self.init_shell()
self.init_extensions()
self.init_code()
def init_kernel(self):
kernel_factory = Kernel
if self.pylab:
gui, backend = pylabtools.find_gui_and_backend(self.pylab)
kernel = kernel_factory(config=self.config, session=self.session,
shell_socket=self.shell_socket,
iopub_socket=self.iopub_socket,
stdin_socket=self.stdin_socket,
log=self.log,
)
self.kernel = kernel
kernel.record_ports(self.ports)
if self.pylab:
kernel.shell.enable_pylab(gui, import_all=self.pylab_import_all)
def init_shell(self):
self.shell = self.kernel.shell
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Kernel main and launch functions
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
def launch_kernel(*args, **kwargs):
"""Launches a localhost IPython kernel, binding to the specified ports.
This function simply calls entry_point.base_launch_kernel with the right first
command to start an ipkernel. See base_launch_kernel for arguments.
Returns
-------
A tuple of form:
(kernel_process, shell_port, iopub_port, stdin_port, hb_port)
where kernel_process is a Popen object and the ports are integers.
"""
return base_launch_kernel('from IPython.zmq.ipkernel import main; main()',
*args, **kwargs)
def main():
"""Run an IPKernel as an application"""
app = IPKernelApp.instance()
app.initialize()
app.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()