Upgrade Debian to bookworm

[gounthar]

Hi 👋

I know there already is #255 and #262 from @ieugen, but bookworm is not the next version of Debian anymore, a few months have gone by, and we should maybe forget about bullseye.
I have just replaced bullseye with bookworm.

Testing done

make test-debian_jdk17
make test-debian_jdk11

Unfortunately, these commands fail on my computer, but the checks work for this PR. 🤷

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