This is a direct guide to install Arch Linux.I used these steps to install Arch Linux in my PC.I Hope this guide will help you guys.So, Let's begin right away!. & if you are reading this guide then i assume you already are booted into Arch & following this steps.I've used nano as a text editor during the installation but you can use any text editor you like. Vim, Vi etc.
Grab Arch Linux ISO file from their Download page & boot your usb drive with any bootable software you like.I've used Balena Etcher in this tutorial.
It is recommended to verify the image signature before use, especially when downloading from an HTTP mirror, where downloads are generally prone to be intercepted to serve malicious images
$ gpg --keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve --verify archlinux-version-x86_64.iso.sig
Alternatively, from an existing Arch Linux installation run:
$ pacman-key -v archlinux-version-x86_64.iso.sig
Ensure your network interface is listed and enabled, for example with ip-link(8)
$ ip link
verify the connection with ping
$ ping archlinux.org
or Make sure your PC is connected to the Internet with Ethernet Cable.
Use timedatectl(1) to ensure the system clock is accurate:
$ timedatectl set-ntp true
To check the service status, use timedatectl status
Use cfdisk to Patrition Disk.We'll be using cfdisk in this guide.It's Super easy to Partition the disks with cfdisk.Seariously! try it once.
as you are done with the making partitions now let's format them for making them usable.
$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_partition
$ mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/efi_system_partition
If you created an EFI system partition, format it to FAT32 using mkfs.fat(8).
$ mkswap /dev/swap_partition
$ mount /dev/root_partition /mnt
Now let's create some directory inside the /mnt partition to mount the efi system.
$ mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
$ mkdir /mnt/home
and now mount the efi system
$ mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi
If you created a swap volume, enable it with swapon(8):
$ swapon /dev/swap_partition
Packages to be installed must be downloaded from mirror servers, which are defined in /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist. On the live system, after connecting to the internet, reflector updates the mirror list by choosing 20 most recently synchronized HTTPS mirrors and sorting them by download rate.
The higher a mirror is placed in the list, the more priority it is given when downloading a package. You may want to inspect the file to see if it is satisfactory. If it is not, edit the file accordingly, and move the geographically closest mirrors to the top of the list, although other criteria should be taken into account.
This file will later be copied to the new system by pacstrap, so it is worth getting right.
Use the pacstrap(8) script to install the base package, Linux kernel and firmware for common hardware:
$ pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim nano linux-headers base-devel
Tip: You can substitute linux for a kernel package of your choice, or you could omit it entirely when installing in a container. You could omit the installation of the firmware package when installing in a virtual machine or container. The base package does not include all tools from the live installation, so installing other packages may be necessary for a fully functional base system. In particular, consider installing:
userspace utilities for the management of file systems that will be used on the system,
utilities for accessing RAID or LVM partitions,
specific firmware for other devices not included in linux-firmware (e.g. sof-firmware for sound cards),
software necessary for networking,
a text editor,
packages for accessing documentation in man and info pages: man-db, man-pages and texinfo.
To install other packages or package groups, append the names to the pacstrap command above (space separated) or use pacman while chrooted into the new system. For comparison, packages available in the live system can be found in packages.x86_64.
Generate an fstab file (use -U or -L to define by UUID or labels, respectively):
$ genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Check the resulting /mnt/etc/fstab file, and edit it in case of errors.
Change root into the new system:
$ arch-chroot /mnt
- Now let's install some necessary packages which we need to complete the install process
$ pacman -S grub efibootmgr efivar networkmanager intel-ucode amd-ucode
if you device is support Intel microcode then install intel-ucode or if you device support AMD micorcode then install amd-ucode.
Set the time zone:
$ ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
change the Region & City according to your location.
$ ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Dhaka /etc/localtime
or check all the available regions
$ cd /usr/share/zoneinfo && ls
& select the one you need.
Run hwclock(8) to generate /etc/adjtime:
$ hwclock --systohc
- Create the locale.conf(5) file, and set the LANG variable accordingly:
$ nano /etc/locale.conf //Enter the followings in locale.conf file//
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
Edit /etc/locale.gen and uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 and other needed locales. Generate the locales by running:
$ locale-gen
- If you set the console keyboard layout, make the changes persistent in vconsole.conf(5):
- NOT Necessary Nonetheless try this
nano /etc/vconsole.conf
- Create the hostname file:
$ nano /etc/hostname
myhostname
Alternatively, using hostnamectl(1):
$ hostnamectl set-hostname myhostname
- Some software may however still read /etc/hosts directly, see [4] [5] for examples. To prevent them from potentially breaking, hanging or otherwise delaying operation, make sure they can resolve the local hostname and localhost by configuring the hosts(5) file:
$ nano /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 myhostname
Complete the network configuration for the newly installed environment. That may include installing suitable network management software.
Creating a new initramfs is usually not required, because mkinitcpio was run on installation of the kernel package with pacstrap.
For LVM, system encryption or RAID, modify mkinitcpio.conf(5) and recreate the initramfs image:
$ mkinitcpio -P
Set the root password:
$ passwd
Now let's install Grub in EFI directory.
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=GRUB
- generate grub file
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
- Enable the NetworkManager
$ systemctl enable NetworkManager
- Exit the chroot environment by typing
exitor pressingCtrl+d
$ exit
$ /umount /dev/efi_system_partition
$ /umount /mnt
- Optionally manually unmount all the partitions with
umount -R /mnt: this allows noticing any "busy" partitions, and finding the cause with fuser(1)
$ reboot
- and if your pc shows you login screen then you've successfull installed Arch Linux Cheers!
username: root
password: `thatUsedDuringInstalltion'
A new installation leaves you with only the superuser account, better known as "root". Logging in as root for prolonged periods of time, possibly even exposing it via SSH on a server, is insecure. Instead, you should create and use unprivileged user account(s) for most tasks, only using the root account for system administration.
$ useradd --create-home myuser
& set password for your user
$ passwd myuser
let's give your user some power
$ usermod -aG wheel,users,power,storage myuser
-a = append the user to the supplemental GROUPS mentioned by the -G option without removing the user from other groups.
-G, --groups GROUPS = new list of supplementary GROUPS
run usermod --help for more details.
- Now give your user permission when your user run
sudocommands it'll ask forpassword.
$ nano /etc/sudoers
Uncomment to allow members of group wheel to execute any command.
#%wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL & uncomment this line by just removing #
and it'll look like this %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL
-
& now you're good to go.Now let's install Graphical Interface. let's install a display driver.we will use xorg in this tutorial.
-
Xorg
Xorg (commonly referred to as simply X) is the most popular display server among Linux users. Its ubiquity has led to making it an ever-present requisite for GUI applications, resulting in massive adoption from most distributions. See the Xorg Wikipedia article or visit the Xorg website for more details.
$ pacman -S xorg
and also let's install some fonts
$ pacman -S ttf-dejavu ttf-droid ttf-font-awesome otf-font-awesome ttf-lato ttf-liberation ttf-opensans ttf-ubuntu-font-family
$nano /etc/profile.d/freetype2.sh
- Uncomment this line
#export FREETYPE_PROPERTIES="truetype:interpreter-version=40
& make it looks like this
export FREETYPE_PROPERTIES="truetype:interpreter-version=40
& the final stage let's install a Display Manager & Desktop Environment.
I'll be using KDE in this one cause I Love KDE :) .However you can use any display manager & desktop environment.
$ pacman -S sddm plasma
if you want to install all KDE applications then run:
$ pacman -s kde-applications
- & let's enable our display manager
$ systemctl enable sddm.service
$ systemctl start sddm.service
& you are done. Enjoy Your Arch Linux and feel free to contribute if you think something is missing.
- Here is the Official Arch Linux Install Guide.