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Joachim Ansorg edited this page Nov 12, 2021 · 2 revisions

You can't have | between this redirection and the command it should apply to.

Problematic code:

< file.txt | grep foo

Correct code:

< file.txt grep foo   # or more canonically: grep foo < file.txt

Rationale:

ShellCheck has found a stage in a pipeline that consists of a redirection but no command. This doesn't make sense because a redirection without a command will not read or write any data.

This is most likely to occur when deleting a command that had a redirection, but leaving a | behind instead of moving the redirection to a different command:

# Match lines with line numbers
nl < foo.txt | grep bar

# Incorrect attempt at removing line numbers. grep now has no input:
< foo.txt | grep bar

# Line numbers correctly removed. grep now reads foo.txt as intended.
grep bar < foo.txt

Exceptions:

It's technically valid to do e.g. echo foo | > "$(cat)" to truncate a file called "foo", but please consider rewriting such code.

ShellCheck

Each individual ShellCheck warning has its own wiki page like SC1000. Use GitHub Wiki's "Pages" feature above to find a specific one, or see Checks.

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