[release-1.14] Bump e2e test k8s versions

[mboersma]

What type of PR is this?

/kind cleanup

What this PR does / why we need it:

Manual cherry-pick of #4865

Updates Kubernetes versions under test to newer versions.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

See #4434 for the previous time these were bumped.

Special notes for your reviewer:

• cherry-pick candidate

TODOs:

• squashed commits
• includes documentation
• adds unit tests

Release note:

NONE

[nojnhuh]

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: 0f9d2428a2bc5a2e0078cc1bff80ddcecfea2706

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: nojnhuh

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Needs approval from an approver in each of these files:

• OWNERS [nojnhuh]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 62.65%. Comparing base (4f96aea) to head (a1748bf).
Report is 4 commits behind head on release-1.14.

Additional details and impacted files

@@              Coverage Diff              @@
##           release-1.14    #4887   +/-   ##
=============================================
  Coverage         62.65%   62.65%           
=============================================
  Files               192      192           
  Lines             15694    15694           
=============================================
  Hits               9833     9833           
  Misses             5174     5174           
  Partials            687      687           

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