feat: Implement Consensus-based StateMachine for Kernel Lifecycle Management Based on Raftify (PoC)

[jopemachine]

Checklist: (if applicable)

• Milestone metadata specifying the target backport version
• Mention to the original issue
• Installer updates including:
  • Fixtures for db schema changes
  • New mandatory config options
• Update of end-to-end CLI integration tests in ai.backend.test
• API server-client counterparts (e.g., manager API -> client SDK)
• Test case(s) to:
  • Demonstrate the difference of before/after
  • Demonstrate the flow of abstract/conceptual models with a concrete implementation
• Documentation
  • Contents in the docs directory
  • docstrings in public interfaces and type annotations

This is a highly experimental attempt to represent and manage the lifecycle of a Kernel based on raftify using a StateMachine.