feat(order/filters, topology): relation between neighborhoods of a in…

… [a, u), [a, u] and [a,+inf) + various nhds_within lemmas (#3516)

Content : 
- two lemmas about filters, namely `tendsto_sup` and `eventually_eq_inf_principal_iff`
- a few lemmas about `nhds_within`
- duplicate and move parts of the lemmas `tfae_mem_nhds_within_[Ioi/Iio/Ici/Iic]` that only require `order_closed_topology α` instead of `order_topology α`. This allows to turn any left/right neighborhood of `a` into its "canonical" form (i.e `Ioi`/`Iio`/`Ici`/`Iic`) with a weaker assumption than before



Co-authored-by: Anatole Dedecker <48656793+ADedecker@users.noreply.github.com>

src/order/filter/basic.lean

@@ -1185,6 +1185,10 @@ lemma eventually_eq.sub [add_group β] {f f' g g' : α → β} {l : filter α} (
   ((λ x, f x - f' x) =ᶠ[l] (λ x, g x - g' x)) :=
 h.add h'.neg
 
+lemma eventually_eq_inf_principal_iff {F : filter α} {s : set α} {f g : α → β} :
+  (f =ᶠ[F ⊓ 𝓟 s] g) ↔ ∀ᶠ x in F, x ∈ s → f x = g x :=
+eventually_inf_principal
+
 section has_le
 
 variables [has_le β] {l : filter α}
@@ -2060,6 +2064,14 @@ lemma tendsto_infi' {f : α → β} {x : ι → filter α} {y : filter β} (i :
   tendsto f (x i) y → tendsto f (⨅i, x i) y :=
 tendsto_le_left (infi_le _ _)
 
+lemma tendsto_sup {f : α → β} {x₁ x₂ : filter α} {y : filter β} :
+  tendsto f (x₁ ⊔ x₂) y ↔ tendsto f x₁ y ∧ tendsto f x₂ y :=
+by simp only [tendsto, map_sup, sup_le_iff]
+
+lemma tendsto.sup {f : α → β} {x₁ x₂ : filter α} {y : filter β} :
+  tendsto f x₁ y → tendsto f x₂ y → tendsto f (x₁ ⊔ x₂) y :=
+λ h₁ h₂, tendsto_sup.mpr ⟨ h₁, h₂ ⟩
+
 lemma tendsto_principal {f : α → β} {l : filter α} {s : set β} :
   tendsto f l (𝓟 s) ↔ ∀ᶠ a in l, f a ∈ s :=
 by simp only [tendsto, le_principal_iff, mem_map, iff_self, filter.eventually]

src/topology/algebra/ordered.lean

@@ -318,6 +318,158 @@ begin
   exact hs.Icc_subset ys zs ⟨le_of_lt hy, le_of_lt hz⟩
 end
 
+/-!
+### Neighborhoods to the left and to the right on an `order_closed_topology`
+
+Limits to the left and to the right of real functions are defined in terms of neighborhoods to
+the left and to the right, either open or closed, i.e., members of `nhds_within a (Ioi a)` and
+`nhds_within a (Ici a)` on the right, and similarly on the left. Here we simply prove that all
+right-neighborhoods of a point are equal, and we'll prove later other useful characterizations which
+require the stronger hypothesis `order_topology α` -/
+
+-- NB: If you extend the list, append to the end please to avoid breaking the API
+/-- The following statements are equivalent:
+
+0. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, +∞)`
+1. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, b]`
+2. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, b)` -/
+lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' {a b : α} (hab : a < b) (s : set α) :
+  tfae [s ∈ nhds_within a (Ioi a),  -- 0 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, +∞)`
+    s ∈ nhds_within a (Ioc a b),    -- 1 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, b]`
+    s ∈ nhds_within a (Ioo a b)] := -- 2 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `(a, b)`
+begin
+  tfae_have : 1 → 2, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ioc_subset_Ioi_self h,
+  tfae_have : 2 → 3, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ioo_subset_Ioc_self h,
+  tfae_have : 3 → 1,
+  { rw [mem_nhds_within, mem_nhds_within],
+    rintros ⟨ u, huopen, hau, hu ⟩,
+    use u ∩ Iio b,
+    use is_open_inter huopen is_open_Iio,
+    use ⟨ hau, hab ⟩,
+    exact λ x ⟨ ⟨ hxu, hxb ⟩, hxa ⟩, hu ⟨ hxu, ⟨ hxa, hxb ⟩ ⟩ },
+  tfae_finish
+end
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Ioi {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within a (Ioc a b) = nhds_within a (Ioi a) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' h s).out 1 0
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Ioi {a b : α} (hu : a < b) :
+  nhds_within a (Ioo a b) = nhds_within a (Ioi a) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' hu s).out 2 0
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ioc_iff_Ioi [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ioc a b) a ↔ continuous_within_at f (Ioi a) a :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Ioi h]
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ioo_iff_Ioi [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ioo a b) a ↔ continuous_within_at f (Ioi a) a :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Ioi h]
+
+/-- The following statements are equivalent:
+
+0. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(-∞, b)`
+1. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `[a, b)`
+2. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(a, b)` -/
+lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio' {a b : α} (h : a < b) (s : set α) :
+  tfae [s ∈ nhds_within b (Iio b), -- 0 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(-∞, b)`
+    s ∈ nhds_within b (Ico a b),   -- 1 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `[a, b)`
+    s ∈ nhds_within b (Ioo a b)] :=   -- 2 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(a, b)`
+begin
+  have := @tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' (order_dual α) _ _ _ _ _ h s,
+  -- If we call `convert` here, it generates wrong equations, so we need to simplify first
+  simp only [exists_prop] at this ⊢,
+  rw [dual_Ioi, dual_Ioc, dual_Ioo] at this,
+  convert this
+end
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Iio {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within b (Ico a b) = nhds_within b (Iio b) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio' h s).out 1 0
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Iio {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within b (Ioo a b) = nhds_within b (Iio b) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio' h s).out 2 0
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ico_iff_Iio [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ico a b) b ↔ continuous_within_at f (Iio b) b :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Iio h]
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ioo_iff_Iio [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ioo a b) b ↔ continuous_within_at f (Iio b) b :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Iio h]
+
+/-- The following statements are equivalent:
+
+0. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, +∞)`
+1. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, b]`
+2. `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, b)` -/
+lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' {a b : α} (hab : a < b) (s : set α) :
+  tfae [s ∈ nhds_within a (Ici a), -- 0 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, +∞)`
+    s ∈ nhds_within a (Icc a b),   -- 1 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, b]`
+    s ∈ nhds_within a (Ico a b)] :=   -- 2 : `s` is a neighborhood of `a` within `[a, b)`
+begin
+  tfae_have : 1 → 2, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Icc_subset_Ici_self h,
+  tfae_have : 2 → 3, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ico_subset_Icc_self h,
+  tfae_have : 3 → 1,
+  { rw [mem_nhds_within, mem_nhds_within],
+    rintros ⟨ u, huopen, hau, hu ⟩,
+    use u ∩ Iio b,
+    use is_open_inter huopen is_open_Iio,
+    use ⟨ hau, hab ⟩,
+    exact λ x ⟨ ⟨ hxu, hxb ⟩, hxa ⟩, hu ⟨ hxu, ⟨ hxa, hxb ⟩ ⟩ },
+  tfae_finish
+end
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Ici {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within a (Icc a b) = nhds_within a (Ici a) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' h s).out 1 0
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Ici {a b : α} (hu : a < b) :
+  nhds_within a (Ico a b) = nhds_within a (Ici a) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' hu s).out 2 0
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Icc_iff_Ici [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Icc a b) a ↔ continuous_within_at f (Ici a) a :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Ici h]
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ico_iff_Ici [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ico a b) a ↔ continuous_within_at f (Ici a) a :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Ici h]
+
+/-- The following statements are equivalent:
+
+0. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(-∞, b]`
+1. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `[a, b]`
+2. `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(a, b]` -/
+lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic' {a b : α} (h : a < b) (s : set α) :
+  tfae [s ∈ nhds_within b (Iic b), -- 0 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(-∞, b]`
+    s ∈ nhds_within b (Icc a b),   -- 1 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `[a, b]`
+    s ∈ nhds_within b (Ioc a b)] :=   -- 2 : `s` is a neighborhood of `b` within `(a, b]`
+begin
+  have := @tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' (order_dual α) _ _ _ _ _ h s,
+  -- If we call `convert` here, it generates wrong equations, so we need to simplify first
+  simp only [exists_prop] at this ⊢,
+  rw [dual_Ici, dual_Icc, dual_Ico] at this,
+  convert this
+end
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Iic {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within b (Icc a b) = nhds_within b (Iic b) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic' h s).out 1 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
+
+@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Iic {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
+  nhds_within b (Ioc a b) = nhds_within b (Iic b) :=
+filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic' h s).out 2 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Icc_iff_Iic [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Icc a b) b ↔ continuous_within_at f (Iic b) b :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Iic h]
+
+@[simp] lemma continuous_within_at_Ioc_iff_Iic [topological_space β] {a b : α} {f : α → β} (h : a < b) :
+  continuous_within_at f (Ioc a b) b ↔ continuous_within_at f (Iic b) b :=
+by simp only [continuous_within_at, nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Iic h]
+
 end linear_order
 
 section decidable_linear_order
@@ -738,13 +890,11 @@ lemma not_tendsto_at_bot_of_tendsto_nhds [no_bot_order α]
 hf.not_tendsto (disjoint_nhds_at_bot x)
 
 /-!
-### Neighborhoods to the left and to the right
+### Neighborhoods to the left and to the right on an `order_topology`
 
-Limits to the left and to the right of real functions are defined in terms of neighborhoods to
-the left and to the right, either open or closed, i.e., members of `nhds_within a (Ioi a)` and
-`nhds_wihin a (Ici a)` on the right, and similarly on the left. Such neighborhoods can be
-characterized as the sets containing suitable intervals to the right or to the left of `a`.
-We give now these characterizations. -/
+We've seen some properties of left and right neighborhood of a point in an `order_closed_topology`.
+In an `order_topology`, such neighborhoods can be characterized as the sets containing suitable
+intervals to the right or to the left of `a`. We give now these characterizations. -/
 
 -- NB: If you extend the list, append to the end please to avoid breaking the API
 /-- The following statements are equivalent:
@@ -761,30 +911,23 @@ lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi {a b : α} (hab : a < b) (s : set α) :
     ∃ u ∈ Ioc a b, Ioo a u ⊆ s,    -- 3 : `s` includes `(a, u)` for some `u ∈ (a, b]`
     ∃ u ∈ Ioi a, Ioo a u ⊆ s] :=   -- 4 : `s` includes `(a, u)` for some `u > a`
 begin
-  tfae_have : 1 → 2, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ioc_subset_Ioi_self h,
-  tfae_have : 2 → 3, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ioo_subset_Ioc_self h,
+  tfae_have : 1 ↔ 2, from (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' hab s).out 0 1,
+  tfae_have : 2 ↔ 3, from (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' hab s).out 1 2,
   tfae_have : 4 → 5, from λ ⟨u, umem, hu⟩, ⟨u, umem.1, hu⟩,
   tfae_have : 5 → 1,
   { rintros ⟨u, hau, hu⟩,
     exact mem_nhds_within.2 ⟨Iio u, is_open_Iio, hau, by rwa [inter_comm, Ioi_inter_Iio]⟩ },
-  tfae_have : 3 → 4,
+  tfae_have : 1 → 4,
   { assume h,
     rcases mem_nhds_within_iff_exists_mem_nhds_inter.1 h with ⟨v, va, hv⟩,
     rcases exists_Ico_subset_of_mem_nhds' va hab with ⟨u, au, hu⟩,
     refine ⟨u, au, λx hx, _⟩,
     refine hv ⟨hu ⟨le_of_lt hx.1, hx.2⟩, _⟩,
-    exact Ioo_subset_Ioo_right au.2 hx  },
+    exact hx.1 },
+  have := tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi' hab s,
   tfae_finish
 end
 
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Ioi {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within a (Ioc a b) = nhds_within a (Ioi a) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi h s).out 1 0
-
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Ioi {a b : α} (hu : a < b) :
-  nhds_within a (Ioo a b) = nhds_within a (Ioi a) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi hu s).out 2 0
-
 lemma mem_nhds_within_Ioi_iff_exists_mem_Ioc_Ioo_subset {a u' : α} {s : set α} (hu' : a < u') :
   s ∈ nhds_within a (Ioi a) ↔ ∃u ∈ Ioc a u', Ioo a u ⊆ s :=
 (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ioi hu' s).out 0 3
@@ -852,14 +995,6 @@ begin
   convert this; ext l; rw [dual_Ioo]
 end
 
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Iio {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within b (Ico a b) = nhds_within b (Iio b) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio h s).out 1 0
-
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioo_eq_nhds_within_Iio {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within b (Ioo a b) = nhds_within b (Iio b) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio h s).out 2 0
-
 lemma mem_nhds_within_Iio_iff_exists_mem_Ico_Ioo_subset {a l' : α} {s : set α} (hl' : l' < a) :
   s ∈ nhds_within a (Iio a) ↔ ∃l ∈ Ico l' a, Ioo l a ⊆ s :=
 (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iio hl' s).out 0 3
@@ -915,30 +1050,22 @@ lemma tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici {a b : α} (hab : a < b) (s : set α) :
     ∃ u ∈ Ioc a b, Ico a u ⊆ s,    -- 3 : `s` includes `[a, u)` for some `u ∈ (a, b]`
     ∃ u ∈ Ioi a, Ico a u ⊆ s] :=   -- 4 : `s` includes `[a, u)` for some `u > a`
 begin
-  tfae_have : 1 → 2, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Icc_subset_Ici_self h,
-  tfae_have : 2 → 3, from λ h, nhds_within_mono _ Ico_subset_Icc_self h,
+  tfae_have : 1 ↔ 2, from (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' hab s).out 0 1,
+  tfae_have : 2 ↔ 3, from (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici' hab s).out 1 2,
   tfae_have : 4 → 5, from λ ⟨u, umem, hu⟩, ⟨u, umem.1, hu⟩,
   tfae_have : 5 → 1,
   { rintros ⟨u, hau, hu⟩,
     exact mem_nhds_within.2 ⟨Iio u, is_open_Iio, hau, by rwa [inter_comm, Ici_inter_Iio]⟩ },
-  tfae_have : 3 → 4,
+  tfae_have : 1 → 4,
   { assume h,
     rcases mem_nhds_within_iff_exists_mem_nhds_inter.1 h with ⟨v, va, hv⟩,
     rcases exists_Ico_subset_of_mem_nhds' va hab with ⟨u, au, hu⟩,
     refine ⟨u, au, λx hx, _⟩,
     refine hv ⟨hu ⟨hx.1, hx.2⟩, _⟩,
-    exact Ico_subset_Ico_right au.2 hx  },
+    exact hx.1 },
   tfae_finish
 end
 
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Ici {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within a (Icc a b) = nhds_within a (Ici a) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici h s).out 1 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
-
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ico_eq_nhds_within_Ici {a b : α} (hu : a < b) :
-  nhds_within a (Ico a b) = nhds_within a (Ici a) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici hu s).out 2 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
-
 lemma mem_nhds_within_Ici_iff_exists_mem_Ioc_Ico_subset {a u' : α} {s : set α} (hu' : a < u') :
   s ∈ nhds_within a (Ici a) ↔ ∃u ∈ Ioc a u', Ico a u ⊆ s :=
 (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Ici hu' s).out 0 3 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
@@ -1006,14 +1133,6 @@ begin
   convert this; ext l; rw [dual_Ico]
 end
 
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Icc_eq_nhds_within_Iic {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within b (Icc a b) = nhds_within b (Iic b) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic h s).out 1 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
-
-@[simp] lemma nhds_within_Ioc_eq_nhds_within_Iic {a b : α} (h : a < b) :
-  nhds_within b (Ioc a b) = nhds_within b (Iic b) :=
-filter.ext $ λ s, (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic h s).out 2 0 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)
-
 lemma mem_nhds_within_Iic_iff_exists_mem_Ico_Ioc_subset {a l' : α} {s : set α} (hl' : l' < a) :
   s ∈ nhds_within a (Iic a) ↔ ∃l ∈ Ico l' a, Ioc l a ⊆ s :=
 (tfae_mem_nhds_within_Iic hl' s).out 0 3 (by norm_num) (by norm_num)

src/topology/continuous_on.lean

@@ -216,6 +216,31 @@ lemma is_closed.mem_of_nhds_within_ne_bot {s : set α} (hs : is_closed s)
   {x : α} (hx : ne_bot $ nhds_within x s) : x ∈ s :=
 by simpa only [hs.closure_eq] using mem_closure_iff_nhds_within_ne_bot.2 hx
 
+lemma eventually_eq_nhds_within_iff {f g : α → β} {s : set α} {a : α} :
+  (f =ᶠ[nhds_within a s] g) ↔ ∀ᶠ x in 𝓝 a, x ∈ s → f x = g x :=
+mem_inf_principal
+
+lemma eventually_eq_nhds_within_of_eq_on {f g : α → β} {s : set α} {a : α} (h : eq_on f g s) :
+  f =ᶠ[nhds_within a s] g :=
+mem_inf_sets_of_right h
+
+lemma set.eq_on.eventually_eq_nhds_within {f g : α → β} {s : set α} {a : α} (h : eq_on f g s) :
+  f =ᶠ[nhds_within a s] g :=
+eventually_eq_nhds_within_of_eq_on h
+
+lemma tendsto_nhds_within_congr {f g : α → β} {s : set α} {a : α} {l : filter β}
+  (hfg : ∀ x ∈ s, f x = g x) (hf : tendsto f (nhds_within a s) l) : tendsto g (nhds_within a s) l :=
+(tendsto_congr' $ eventually_eq_nhds_within_of_eq_on hfg).1 hf
+
+lemma eventually_nhds_with_of_forall {s : set α} {a : α} {p : α → Prop} (h : ∀ x ∈ s, p x) :
+  ∀ᶠ x in nhds_within a s, p x :=
+mem_inf_sets_of_right h
+
+lemma tendsto_nhds_within_of_tendsto_nhds_of_eventually_within {β : Type*} {a : α} {l : filter β}
+  {s : set α} (f : β → α) (h1 : tendsto f l (nhds a)) (h2 : ∀ᶠ x in l, f x ∈ s) :
+  tendsto f l (nhds_within a s) :=
+tendsto_inf.2 ⟨h1, tendsto_principal.2 h2⟩
+
 /-
 nhds_within and subtypes
 -/