[Merged by Bors] - feat(algebraic_geometry/EllipticCurve/weierstrass): define Weierstrass polynomials and prove basic facts

docs/references.bib

@@ -1859,6 +1859,14 @@ @Book{            serre1965
   url           = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3910-7}
 }
 
+@Book{            silverman2009,
+  author        = {Silverman, Joseph},
+  publisher     = {Springer New York, NY},
+  series        = {Graduate Texts in Mathematics},
+  title         = {The Arithmetic of Elliptic Curves},
+  year          = {2009}
+}
+
 @Book{            simon2011,
   author        = {Simon, Barry},
   title         = {Convexity: An Analytic Viewpoint},