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[Clang][CMake] Add CSSPGO support to LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED #79942

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@aaupov aaupov commented Jan 30, 2024

Build on Clang-BOLT infrastructure to collect sample profiles for CSSPGO.
Add clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake to automate CSSPGO Clang build.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D155419

Test Plan:
Added CSSPGO.cmake with same use as PGO.cmake, e.g. for bootstrapped ThinLTO+CSSPGO:

cmake -B csspgo -S /path/to/llvm-project/llvm \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON -DBOOTSTRAP_LLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON  \
-DBOOTSTRAP_BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON  \
-DPGO_INSTRUMENT_LTO=Thin \
-GNinja  -C/path/to/llvm-project/clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake
ninja stage2
...
warning: 0.84%(4/474) of samples have leaf external frame in call stack.
warning: 0.07%(1/1365) of profiled contexts are truncated due to missing probe for call instruction.
warning: 1.39%(80/5768) of branches containing paired external address.
warning: 0.07%(4/5768) of branches'source is a call instruction but doesn't match call frame stack, likely due to frame in prolog/epilog.
warning: Sample PGO is estimated to optimize better with 6985000.0x more samples. Please consider increasing sampling rate or profiling for longer duration to get more samples.
...

@aaupov aaupov requested a review from smeenai January 30, 2024 04:18
@llvmbot llvmbot added cmake Build system in general and CMake in particular clang Clang issues not falling into any other category labels Jan 30, 2024
@llvmbot
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llvmbot commented Jan 30, 2024

@llvm/pr-subscribers-clang

Author: Amir Ayupov (aaupov)

Changes

Build on Clang-BOLT infrastructure to collect sample profiles for CSSPGO.
Add clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake to automate CSSPGO Clang build.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D155419

Test Plan:
Added CSSPGO.cmake with same use as PGO.cmake, e.g. for bootstrapped ThinLTO+CSSPGO:

cmake -B csspgo -S /path/to/llvm-project/llvm \
-DLLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON -DBOOTSTRAP_LLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON  \
-DBOOTSTRAP_BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_ENABLE_LLD=ON  \
-DPGO_INSTRUMENT_LTO=Thin \
-GNinja  -C/path/to/llvm-project/clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake
ninja stage2

Full diff: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/79942.diff

8 Files Affected:

  • (modified) clang/CMakeLists.txt (+11-1)
  • (added) clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake (+3)
  • (modified) clang/utils/perf-training/CMakeLists.txt (+30-2)
  • (modified) clang/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg (+6)
  • (modified) clang/utils/perf-training/lit.site.cfg.in (+1)
  • (modified) clang/utils/perf-training/perf-helper.py (+44-10)
  • (modified) llvm/CMakeLists.txt (+3)
  • (modified) llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake (+25-1)
diff --git a/clang/CMakeLists.txt b/clang/CMakeLists.txt
index 47fc2e4886cfc..5d16442ac7bc3 100644
--- a/clang/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clang/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -741,11 +741,21 @@ if (CLANG_ENABLE_BOOTSTRAP)
   if(BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
     add_dependencies(clang-bootstrap-deps llvm-profdata)
     set(PGO_OPT -DLLVM_PROFDATA=${LLVM_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_INTDIR}/llvm-profdata)
+    string(TOUPPER "${BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED}" BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
+    if (BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED STREQUAL "CSSPGO")
+      add_dependencies(clang-bootstrap-deps llvm-profgen)
+      list(APPEND PGO_OPT -DLLVM_PROFGEN=${LLVM_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_INTDIR}/llvm-profgen)
+    endif()
   endif()
 
   if(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
+    string(TOUPPER "${LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED}" LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
     add_dependencies(clang-bootstrap-deps generate-profdata)
-    set(PGO_OPT -DLLVM_PROFDATA_FILE=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/utils/perf-training/clang.profdata)
+    if (LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED STREQUAL "CSSPGO")
+      set(PGO_OPT -DLLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/utils/perf-training/clang.profdata)
+    else()
+      set(PGO_OPT -DLLVM_PROFDATA_FILE=${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/utils/perf-training/clang.profdata)
+    endif()
     # Use the current tools for LTO instead of the instrumented ones
     list(APPEND _BOOTSTRAP_DEFAULT_PASSTHROUGH
       CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER
diff --git a/clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake b/clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..34159068d5ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE RelWithDebInfo CACHE STRING "")
+set(BOOTSTRAP_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED "CSSPGO" CACHE STRING "")
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/PGO.cmake)
diff --git a/clang/utils/perf-training/CMakeLists.txt b/clang/utils/perf-training/CMakeLists.txt
index 601f40902fa34..489a097cd49c8 100644
--- a/clang/utils/perf-training/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/clang/utils/perf-training/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -14,8 +14,33 @@ if(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
     DEPENDS clang clear-profraw ${CLANG_PERF_TRAINING_DEPS}
     )
 
+  add_custom_target(generate-profdata-deps)
+  string(TOUPPER "${LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED}" uppercase_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
+  if (uppercase_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED STREQUAL "CSSPGO")
+    set(PROFDATA_SAMPLE "--sample")
+    if(NOT LLVM_PROFGEN)
+      find_program(LLVM_PROFGEN llvm-profgen)
+    endif()
+
+    if(NOT LLVM_PROFGEN)
+      message(STATUS "To enable converting CSSPGO samples LLVM_PROFGEN has to point to llvm-profgen")
+    endif()
+
+    # Convert perf profiles into profraw
+    add_custom_target(convert-perf-profraw
+      COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}"
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/perf-helper.py perf2prof ${LLVM_PROFGEN}
+      $<TARGET_FILE:clang> ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+      COMMENT "Converting perf profiles into profraw"
+      DEPENDS generate-profraw)
+    add_dependencies(generate-profdata-deps convert-perf-profraw)
+  else()
+    add_dependencies(generate-profdata-deps generate-profraw)
+  endif()
+
   add_custom_target(clear-profraw
     COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}" ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/perf-helper.py clean ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} profraw
+    COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}" ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/perf-helper.py clean ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR} perf.data
     COMMENT "Clearing old profraw data")
 
   if(NOT LLVM_PROFDATA)
@@ -26,9 +51,12 @@ if(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
     message(STATUS "To enable merging PGO data LLVM_PROFDATA has to point to llvm-profdata")
   else()
     add_custom_target(generate-profdata
-      COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}" ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/perf-helper.py merge ${LLVM_PROFDATA} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/clang.profdata ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+      COMMAND "${Python3_EXECUTABLE}"
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/perf-helper.py merge ${LLVM_PROFDATA}
+      ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/clang.profdata ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}
+      ${PROFDATA_SAMPLE}
       COMMENT "Merging profdata"
-      DEPENDS generate-profraw)
+      DEPENDS generate-profdata-deps)
   endif()
 endif()
 
diff --git a/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg b/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg
index 0bd06c0d44f65..c6b54f461f1e2 100644
--- a/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg
+++ b/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg
@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ config.name = 'Clang Perf Training'
 config.suffixes = ['.c', '.cc', '.cpp', '.m', '.mm', '.cu', '.ll', '.cl', '.s', '.S', '.modulemap', '.test']
 
 cc1_wrapper = '%s %s/perf-helper.py cc1' % (config.python_exe, config.perf_helper_dir)
+if config.llvm_build_instrumented.upper() == "CSSPGO":
+    perf_wrapper = "%s %s/perf-helper.py perf --lbr --call-graph --event=br_inst_retired.near_taken:uppp -- " % (
+        config.python_exe,
+        config.perf_helper_dir,
+    )
+    cc1_wrapper = perf_wrapper
 
 use_lit_shell = os.environ.get("LIT_USE_INTERNAL_SHELL")
 config.test_format = lit.formats.ShTest(use_lit_shell == "0")
diff --git a/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.site.cfg.in b/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.site.cfg.in
index fae93065a4edf..0ae05c10b6d88 100644
--- a/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.site.cfg.in
+++ b/clang/utils/perf-training/lit.site.cfg.in
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ config.test_exec_root = "@CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR@"
 config.test_source_root = "@CLANG_PGO_TRAINING_DATA@"
 config.target_triple = "@LLVM_TARGET_TRIPLE@"
 config.python_exe = "@Python3_EXECUTABLE@"
+config.llvm_build_instrumented = "@LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED@"
 
 # Let the main config do the real work.
 lit_config.load_config(config, "@CLANG_SOURCE_DIR@/utils/perf-training/lit.cfg")
diff --git a/clang/utils/perf-training/perf-helper.py b/clang/utils/perf-training/perf-helper.py
index 959bdba5c98cc..96fe571966b9e 100644
--- a/clang/utils/perf-training/perf-helper.py
+++ b/clang/utils/perf-training/perf-helper.py
@@ -42,14 +42,20 @@ def clean(args):
 
 
 def merge(args):
-    if len(args) != 3:
-        print(
-            "Usage: %s merge <llvm-profdata> <output> <path>\n" % __file__
-            + "\tMerges all profraw files from path into output."
-        )
-        return 1
-    cmd = [args[0], "merge", "-o", args[1]]
-    cmd.extend(findFilesWithExtension(args[2], "profraw"))
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        prog="perf-helper merge",
+        description="Merges all profraw files from path into output"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("profdata", help="Path to llvm-profdata tool")
+    parser.add_argument("output", help="Output filename")
+    parser.add_argument("path", help="Folder containing input profraw files")
+    parser.add_argument("--sample", action="store_true", help="Sample profile")
+    opts = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    cmd = [opts.profdata, "merge", "-o", opts.output]
+    if opts.sample:
+        cmd += ["--sample"]
+    cmd.extend(findFilesWithExtension(opts.path, "profraw"))
     subprocess.check_call(cmd)
     return 0
 
@@ -69,11 +75,19 @@ def merge_fdata(args):
 
 def perf(args):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        prog="perf-helper perf", description="perf wrapper for BOLT profile collection"
+        prog="perf-helper perf",
+        description="perf wrapper for BOLT/CSSPGO profile collection"
     )
     parser.add_argument(
         "--lbr", action="store_true", help="Use perf with branch stacks"
     )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--call-graph", action="store_true", help="Collect call graph"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--event", help="PMU event name, defaults to cycles:u",
+        default="cycles:u"
+    )
     parser.add_argument("cmd", nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help="")
 
     opts = parser.parse_args(args)
@@ -82,12 +96,14 @@ def perf(args):
     perf_args = [
         "perf",
         "record",
-        "--event=cycles:u",
+        f"--event={opts.event}",
         "--freq=max",
         "--output=%d.perf.data" % os.getpid(),
     ]
     if opts.lbr:
         perf_args += ["--branch-filter=any,u"]
+    if opts.call_graph:
+        perf_args += ["-g", "--call-graph=fp"]
     perf_args.extend(cmd)
 
     start_time = time.time()
@@ -123,6 +139,23 @@ def perf2bolt(args):
     return 0
 
 
+def perf2prof(args):
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+            prog="perf-helper perf2prof",
+            description="perf to CSSPGO prof conversion wrapper",
+            )
+    parser.add_argument("profgen", help="Path to llvm-profgen binary")
+    parser.add_argument("binary", help="Input binary")
+    parser.add_argument("path", help="Path containing perf.data files")
+    opts = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    profgen_args = [opts.profgen, f"--binary={opts.binary}"]
+    for filename in findFilesWithExtension(opts.path, "perf.data"):
+        subprocess.check_call(profgen_args + [f"--perfdata={filename}",
+                                              f"--output={filename}.profraw"])
+    return 0
+
+
 def dtrace(args):
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
         prog="perf-helper dtrace",
@@ -565,6 +598,7 @@ def genOrderFile(args):
     "merge-fdata": merge_fdata,
     "perf": perf,
     "perf2bolt": perf2bolt,
+    "perf2prof": perf2prof,
 }
 
 
diff --git a/llvm/CMakeLists.txt b/llvm/CMakeLists.txt
index 485c76b8bb936..4421ce7e59b92 100644
--- a/llvm/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/llvm/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -879,6 +879,9 @@ set(LLVM_ENABLE_PER_TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR ${LLVM_ENABLE_PER_TARGET_RUNTIME_DIR_defa
 set(LLVM_PROFDATA_FILE "" CACHE FILEPATH
   "Profiling data file to use when compiling in order to improve runtime performance.")
 
+set(LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE "" CACHE FILEPATH
+  "Sampling profiling data file to use when compiling in order to improve runtime performance.")
+
 if(LLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS)
   # Lit test suite requires at least python 3.6
   set(LLVM_MINIMUM_PYTHON_VERSION 3.6)
diff --git a/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake b/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
index 0699a8586fcc7..3754dff598451 100644
--- a/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
+++ b/llvm/cmake/modules/HandleLLVMOptions.cmake
@@ -1116,7 +1116,7 @@ endif()
 option(LLVM_ENABLE_IR_PGO "Build LLVM and tools with IR PGO instrumentation (deprecated)" Off)
 mark_as_advanced(LLVM_ENABLE_IR_PGO)
 
-set(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED OFF CACHE STRING "Build LLVM and tools with PGO instrumentation. May be specified as IR or Frontend")
+set(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED OFF CACHE STRING "Build LLVM and tools with PGO instrumentation. May be specified as IR, Frontend, CSIR, CSSPGO")
 set(LLVM_VP_COUNTERS_PER_SITE "1.5" CACHE STRING "Value profile counters to use per site for IR PGO with Clang")
 mark_as_advanced(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED LLVM_VP_COUNTERS_PER_SITE)
 string(TOUPPER "${LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED}" uppercase_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
@@ -1149,6 +1149,15 @@ if (LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED)
         CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
         CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS)
     endif()
+  elseif(uppercase_LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED STREQUAL "CSSPGO")
+    append("-fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling"
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      CMAKE_C_FLAGS)
+    if(NOT LINKER_IS_LLD_LINK)
+      append("-fno-omit-frame-pointer -mno-omit-leaf-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -fpseudo-probe-for-profiling"
+        CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
+        CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS)
+    endif()
   else()
     append("-fprofile-instr-generate=\"${LLVM_PROFILE_FILE_PATTERN}\""
       CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
@@ -1199,6 +1208,21 @@ if(LLVM_PROFDATA_FILE AND EXISTS ${LLVM_PROFDATA_FILE})
   endif()
 endif()
 
+if(LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE AND EXISTS ${LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE})
+  if ("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID}" MATCHES "Clang" )
+    append("-fpseudo-probe-for-profiling -fprofile-sample-use=\"${LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE}\""
+      CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+      CMAKE_C_FLAGS)
+    if(NOT LINKER_IS_LLD_LINK)
+      append("-fpseudo-probe-for-profiling -fprofile-sample-use=\"${LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE}\""
+        CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS
+        CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS)
+    endif()
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "LLVM_SPROFDATA_FILE can only be specified when compiling with clang")
+  endif()
+endif()
+
 option(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED_COVERAGE "Build LLVM and tools with Code Coverage instrumentation" Off)
 option(LLVM_INDIVIDUAL_TEST_COVERAGE "Emit individual coverage file for each test case." OFF)
 mark_as_advanced(LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED_COVERAGE)

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github-actions bot commented Jan 30, 2024

✅ With the latest revision this PR passed the Python code formatter.

@boomanaiden154
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Do you have benchmarks on how well this performs relative to standard IRPGO (or on top of it)?

@aaupov
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aaupov commented Jan 30, 2024

Do you have benchmarks on how well this performs relative to standard IRPGO (or on top of it)?

Couple of things to untangle here:

  1. In general, CSSPGO is meant as a more practical alternative for IRPGO thanks to i) the use of sampled profile, ii) context-sensitivity. However, IRPGO is still expected to provide better performance in all cases where it's applicable thanks to accurate profile information.
  2. Due to that, I don't think it makes sense to apply CSSPGO on top of IRPGO, and CMake automation would not permit mixing the two (both implemented as LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED exclusive options).
  3. CSSPGO RFC has direct comparison of early implementation of CSSPGO vs IRPGO on Spec06: Screenshot 2024-01-29 at 9 43 17 PM
  4. With CMake stuff implemented in this diff, it's expected that the amount of profile information collected would be miniscule (in-tree perf-training only has a single hello world source file) and inadequate for getting much perf boost with CSSPGO (it even prints the warning that it needs 6985000.0x more profile).
  5. But I'll kick out a perf run anyway to see what's the starting point. If it's zero, I'll try building different targets (in-tree or from LLVM Test Suite) to identify a viable profiling workload, but it's outside of scope of this diff.

@aaupov
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aaupov commented Jan 30, 2024

Linking the preprint of the paper accepted to CGO'24 which has CSSPGO performance comparison with AutoFDO and Instr PGO (Fig. 6): https://htyu.github.io/paper/Revamping_Sampling_based_PGO_with_Context_sensitivity_and_Pseudo_instrumentation_preprint.pdf

@boomanaiden154
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In general, CSSPGO is meant as a more practical alternative for IRPGO thanks to i) the use of sampled profile, ii) context-sensitivity. However, IRPGO is still expected to provide better performance in all cases where it's applicable thanks to accurate profile information.
Due to that, I don't think it makes sense to apply CSSPGO on top of IRPGO, and CMake automation would not permit mixing the two (both implemented as LLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED exclusive options).

Ah. Might've been getting this confused with another technique (maybe IRPGO+instrumented context sensitive PGO?). I remember Google saying in https://discourse.llvm.org/t/practical-compiler-optimizations-for-wsc-workshop-us-llvm-dev-meeting-2023/73998 that a valid pipeline was doing two rounds of profiling with different levels of instrumentation.

Thanks for the link to the existing performance results.

With CMake stuff implemented in this diff, it's expected that the amount of profile information collected would be miniscule (in-tree perf-training only has a single hello world source file) and inadequate for getting much perf boost with CSSPGO (it even prints the warning that it needs 6985000.0x more profile).

Right. Not sure if you've seen #78879, but that should allow making that pretty easy to do. There's also #77347 proposing to change the default, but there hasn't really been a consensus on that one.

Thank you for the additional information. Sorry for the derailment/noise.

Build on Clang-BOLT infrastructure to collect sample profiles for CSSPGO.
Add clang/cmake/caches/CSSPGO.cmake to automate CSSPGO Clang build.

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D155419
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