Eliminates most of the TypeScript compiler errors.

Consolidates external references into `_references.d.ts`. This avoids
some repetition of the same references in every single `.ts` file. This
seems to be a common convention, although it seems it's not without its
drawbacks; see this thread:

https://typescript.codeplex.com/discussions/507413

Note that I made it a definitions file instead of a typescript file so
it doesn't generate an unnecessary JavaScript file.

Many of the `tsc` errors were simply due to insufficient specification
of types. Others, like events in views, were more about where they were
declared (at the level of class properties versus inside the
constructor).

The project still does not compile, due to a mismatch between the type
returned by a jQuery selector and the expected type of HTMLInputElement.
I haven't yet figured out how to resolve this. I wonder if we shouldn't
be using `document.getElementsByClassName` instead.

This commit also adds a tsconfig.js file, which is used when `tsc` is
invoked with no arguments. This avoids having to always invoke `tsc`
with `--module amd`.

js/_references.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+/// <reference path="lib/require/require.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="lib/jquery/jquery.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="lib/lodash/lodash.d.ts" />
+/// <reference path="lib/backbone/backbone.d.ts" />

js/app.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
-/* Globals - jQuery, $, Backbone, _ */
-/// <reference path="lib/jquery/jquery.d.ts"/>
-/// <reference path="lib/lodash/lodash.d.ts"/>
-/// <reference path="lib/backbone/backbone.d.ts"/>
-
+/// <reference path="_references.d.ts" />
 
 require.config({
     baseUrl: "js",
     paths: {
         "jquery": 'lib/jquery/jquery-2.1.4.min',
-        "underscore": 'lib/lodash/lodash-min',
+        "lodash": 'lib/lodash/lodash-min',
         "backbone": 'lib/backbone/backbone-min',
         "text": 'lib/require/text'
     },
     shim: {
-        underscore: {
+        jquery: {
+            exports: '$'
+        },
+        lodash: {
             exports: '_'
         },
         backbone: {
@@ -23,10 +22,11 @@ require.config({
     }
 });
 
+
 import $ = require('jquery');
-import AppView = require('views/app-view');
+//import AppView = require('views/app-view');
 
-// Load the application once the DOM is ready
-$(() => {
-    new AppView.AppView();
-});
+//// Load the application once the DOM is ready
+//$(() => {
+    //new AppView.AppView();
+//});

js/collections/nest-collection.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
+import Nest = require('../models/nest-model');
 
-import Nest = require('models/nest-model');
-
-export class NestCollection extends Backbone.Collection<Nest.Nest> {
-
-    // Reference to this collection's model.
-    model = Nest.Nest;
+class NestCollection extends Backbone.Collection<Nest> {
 
     // Filter down the list of all nests that are hatched
     hatched() {
@@ -15,4 +11,6 @@ export class NestCollection extends Backbone.Collection<Nest.Nest> {
     remaining() {
         return this.without.apply(this, this.hatched());
     }
-}
+}
+
+export = NestCollection;