ci: Bump nowallet_libbitcoinkernel task to ubuntu:focal

This is needed to work around
bitcoin#27340 (comment)

The only change should be that python3.7 is bumped to 3.8, but this is
fine because ci/test/00_setup_env_native_qt5.sh still checks for
python3.7 compatibility.

.cirrus.yml

@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ task:
     << : *CIRRUS_EPHEMERAL_WORKER_TEMPLATE_ENV
 
 task:
-  name: '[no wallet, libbitcoinkernel] [buster]'
+  name: '[no wallet, libbitcoinkernel] [focal]'
   << : *GLOBAL_TASK_TEMPLATE
   container:
     docker_arguments:
-      CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG: debian:buster-20191224  # Use ancient tag to work around https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/pull/27340#issuecomment-1484988445
+      CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG: ubuntu:focal
       FILE_ENV: "./ci/test/00_setup_env_native_nowallet_libbitcoinkernel.sh"
   << : *CREDITS_TEMPLATE
   env:

ci/test/00_setup_env_native_nowallet_libbitcoinkernel.sh

@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
 export CONTAINER_NAME=ci_native_nowallet_libbitcoinkernel
-export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG=debian:buster
-# Use minimum supported python3.7 and clang-8, see doc/dependencies.md
-export PACKAGES="-t buster-backports python3-zmq clang-8 llvm-8 libc++abi-8-dev libc++-8-dev"
-export APPEND_APT_SOURCES_LIST="deb http://deb.debian.org/debian buster-backports main"
+export CI_IMAGE_NAME_TAG=ubuntu:focal
+# Use minimum supported python3.7 (or python3.8, as best-effort) and clang-8, see doc/dependencies.md
+export PACKAGES="python3-zmq clang-8 llvm-8 libc++abi-8-dev libc++-8-dev"
 export DEP_OPTS="NO_WALLET=1 CC=clang-8 CXX='clang++-8 -stdlib=libc++'"
 export GOAL="install"
 export NO_WERROR=1