Bug 1840374 - Part 41: Sync spec references in Temporal parsing. r=sp…

…idermonkey-reviewers,mgaudet

Implement the changes from
- tc39/proposal-temporal#2600
- tc39/proposal-temporal#2604
- tc39/proposal-temporal#2606

Also moves `annotationValueComponent()` into the class, because it's both
simpler and faster than the previous implementation.

Depends on D182060

Differential Revision: https://phabricator.services.mozilla.com/D182061

UltraBlame original commit: 2de7da340caaad8e668a54faa44ec24696453005