MNT: deprecate draw method args and kwargs

[rcomer]

PR summary

Closes #27745

I am very much appreciating how easy the deprecation module makes this 👍

PR checklist

• "closes #0000" is in the body of the PR description to link the related issue
• [n/a] new and changed code is tested
• [n/a] Plotting related features are demonstrated in an example
• New Features and API Changes are noted with a directive and release note
• Documentation complies with general and docstring guidelines

[rcomer]

I am confused by the stubtest failure, which I have reproduced locally

note: unused allowlist entry matplotlib.image._ImageBase.draw

_imageBase.draw is not in the allowlist. The only draw in there is Axis.draw, which this PR also modifies, but removing that line from the allowlist does not get rid of the error.

[dstansby]

Had a bit of a dig, and that's because stubtest.py sneakily adds anything that is decorated
with "delete_parameter" to another allowlist (self.output is an allowlist file):

matplotlib/tools/stubtest.py

Lines 20 to 28 in d2cc4d0

	def visit_FunctionDef(self, node):
	if any("delete_parameter" in ast.unparse(line) for line in node.decorator_list):
	parents = []
	if hasattr(node, "parent"):
	parent = node.parent
	while hasattr(parent, "parent") and not isinstance(parent, ast.Module):
	parents.insert(0, parent.name)
	parent = parent.parent
	self.output.write(f"{'.'.join(self.context + parents)}.{node.name}\n")

I'm not sure why the purpose of this is, and why it's not playing ball with matplotlib.image._ImageBase.draw though...

[ksunden]

Ahh... when used for non-*args/**kwargs, delete_parameter adds a sentinel default value which breaks typing, so rather than specifically enumerating and causing the list of exceptions to have to be updated (or the type hints to have to be updated leaking private internal sentinel values...) I just automatically detected when it was used.

However, for variadic args no such sentinel is used, so it doesn't actually break so the entry is unused.

[ksunden]

Pushed an update to the automatic detection code to parse out when a vararg/kwarg is delete_parameter'd instead of just always adding it. Basically just unwinds the for loop from the any clause and adds some checks where it will continue before adding the exception (and a break to avoid adding the same exception twice, which I don't think would be a problem but might as well)

Also added a comment that at least indicates the reason it is there/what is happening.

[rcomer]

Thanks @ksunden!