.Net: Use C# 11/12 features throughout repo (#4387)

~~Fixes #4295. For
now this is done using a package reference to the latest C# toolset.
Once we drop use of the .NET 6/7 SDKs in CI, this reference can be
removed.~~

The changes to upgrade projects to LangVersion 12 was done separately.
This PR now rolls out use of C# 12 features.

dotnet/Directory.Packages.props

@@ -86,11 +86,6 @@
     <!-- Symbols -->
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub" Version="8.0.0" />
     <!-- Toolset -->
-    <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers" Version="3.3.4" />
-    <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Analyzers">
-      <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
-      <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
-    </PackageReference>
     <PackageVersion Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading.Analyzers" Version="17.9.28" />
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Threading.Analyzers">
       <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>

dotnet/samples/CreateChatGptPlugin/.editorconfig

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 [*.cs]
-dotnet_diagnostic.CA1016.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA1016.severity = none
+dotnet_diagnostic.CA2007.severity = none

dotnet/samples/CreateChatGptPlugin/Solution/Program.cs

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 await kernel.ImportPluginFromOpenApiAsync("MathPlugin", new Uri("http://localhost:7071/swagger.json")).ConfigureAwait(false);
 
 // Create chat history
-ChatHistory history = new();
+ChatHistory history = [];
 
 // Get chat completion service
 var chatCompletionService = kernel.GetRequiredService<IChatCompletionService>();

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/BaseTest.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public abstract class BaseTest
 {
     protected ITestOutputHelper Output { get; }
 
-    protected List<string> SimulatedInputText = new();
+    protected List<string> SimulatedInputText = [];
     protected int SimulatedInputTextIndex = 0;
 
     protected BaseTest(ITestOutputHelper output)

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/ConfiguringPrompts.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 // Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
 
-using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
 using Microsoft.SemanticKernel;
@@ -50,11 +49,11 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
                             User: {{$request}}
                             Assistant: ",
                 TemplateFormat = "semantic-kernel",
-                InputVariables = new List<InputVariable>()
-                {
+                InputVariables =
+                [
                     new() { Name = "history", Description = "The history of the conversation.", IsRequired = false, Default = "" },
                     new() { Name = "request", Description = "The user's request.", IsRequired = true }
-                },
+                ],
                 ExecutionSettings =
                 {
                     {
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
         // </FunctionFromPrompt>
 
         // Create chat history and choices
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // Start the chat loop
         Write("User > ");

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/CreatingFunctions.cs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
         // </RunningNativeFunction>
 
         // Create chat history
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // <Chat>
 

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/FunctionsWithinPrompts.cs

@@ -41,24 +41,22 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
         Kernel kernel = builder.Build();
         // </KernelCreation>
 
-        List<string> choices = new() { "ContinueConversation", "EndConversation" };
+        List<string> choices = ["ContinueConversation", "EndConversation"];
 
         // Create few-shot examples
-        List<ChatHistory> fewShotExamples = new()
-        {
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+        List<ChatHistory> fewShotExamples =
+        [
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Can you send a very quick approval to the marketing team?"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "ContinueConversation")
-            },
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+            ],
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Can you send the full update to the marketing team?"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "EndConversation")
-            }
-        };
+            ]
+        ];
 
         // Create handlebars template for intent
         // <IntentFunction>
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
 
         // <Chat>
         // Create chat history
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // Start the chat loop
         while (true)

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/Planner.cs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
         var chatCompletionService = kernel.GetRequiredService<IChatCompletionService>();
 
         // Create chat history
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // Start the conversation
         Write("User > ");

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/SerializingPrompts.cs

@@ -52,27 +52,25 @@ await reader.ReadToEndAsync(),
         );
 
         // Create choices
-        List<string> choices = new() { "ContinueConversation", "EndConversation" };
+        List<string> choices = ["ContinueConversation", "EndConversation"];
 
         // Create few-shot examples
-        List<ChatHistory> fewShotExamples = new()
-        {
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+        List<ChatHistory> fewShotExamples =
+        [
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Can you send a very quick approval to the marketing team?"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "ContinueConversation")
-            },
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+            ],
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Can you send the full update to the marketing team?"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "EndConversation")
-            }
-        };
+            ]
+        ];
 
         // Create chat history
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // Start the chat loop
         Write("User > ");

dotnet/samples/DocumentationExamples/Templates.cs

@@ -44,23 +44,21 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
             Assistant: ");
 
         // Create choices
-        List<string> choices = new() { "ContinueConversation", "EndConversation" };
+        List<string> choices = ["ContinueConversation", "EndConversation"];
 
         // Create few-shot examples
         List<ChatHistory> fewShotExamples =
         [
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Can you send a very quick approval to the marketing team?"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "ContinueConversation")
-            },
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+            ],
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Thanks, I'm done for now"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Intent:"),
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.Assistant, "EndConversation")
-            }
+            ]
         ];
 
         // Create handlebars template for intent
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
             new HandlebarsPromptTemplateFactory()
         );
 
-        ChatHistory history = new();
+        ChatHistory history = [];
 
         // Start the chat loop
         while (true)

dotnet/samples/HomeAutomation/Program.cs

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ internal static async Task Main(string[] args)
         builder.Services.AddKeyedTransient<Kernel>("HomeAutomationKernel", (sp, key) =>
         {
             // Create a collection of plugins that the kernel will use
-            KernelPluginCollection pluginCollection = new();
+            KernelPluginCollection pluginCollection = [];
             pluginCollection.AddFromObject(sp.GetRequiredService<MyTimePlugin>());
             pluginCollection.AddFromObject(sp.GetRequiredService<MyAlarmPlugin>());
             pluginCollection.AddFromObject(sp.GetRequiredKeyedService<MyLightPlugin>("OfficeLight"), "OfficeLight");

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example16_CustomLLM.cs

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ public async IAsyncEnumerable<StreamingTextContent> GetStreamingTextContentsAsyn
 
         public Task<IReadOnlyList<TextContent>> GetTextContentsAsync(string prompt, PromptExecutionSettings? executionSettings = null, Kernel? kernel = null, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
-            return Task.FromResult<IReadOnlyList<TextContent>>(new List<TextContent>
-            {
+            return Task.FromResult<IReadOnlyList<TextContent>>(
+            [
                 new(LLMResultText)
-            });
+            ]);
         }
     }
 

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example20_HuggingFace.cs

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ public async Task RunInferenceApiEmbeddingAsync()
         var embeddingGenerator = kernel.GetRequiredService<ITextEmbeddingGenerationService>();
 
         // Generate embeddings for each chunk.
-        var embeddings = await embeddingGenerator.GenerateEmbeddingsAsync(new[] { "John: Hello, how are you?\nRoger: Hey, I'm Roger!" });
+        var embeddings = await embeddingGenerator.GenerateEmbeddingsAsync(["John: Hello, how are you?\nRoger: Hey, I'm Roger!"]);
 
         this.WriteLine($"Generated {embeddings.Count} embeddings for the provided text");
     }

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example21_OpenAIPlugins.cs

@@ -44,12 +44,14 @@ public async Task CallKlarnaAsync()
 
         var plugin = await kernel.ImportPluginFromOpenAIAsync("Klarna", new Uri("https://www.klarna.com/.well-known/ai-plugin.json"));
 
-        var arguments = new KernelArguments();
-        arguments["q"] = "Laptop";      // Category or product that needs to be searched for.
-        arguments["size"] = "3";        // Number of products to return
-        arguments["budget"] = "200";    // Maximum price of the matching product in local currency
-        arguments["countryCode"] = "US";// ISO 3166 country code with 2 characters based on the user location.
-                                        // Currently, only US, GB, DE, SE and DK are supported.
+        var arguments = new KernelArguments
+        {
+            ["q"] = "Laptop",      // Category or product that needs to be searched for.
+            ["size"] = "3",        // Number of products to return
+            ["budget"] = "200",    // Maximum price of the matching product in local currency
+            ["countryCode"] = "US" // ISO 3166 country code with 2 characters based on the user location.
+        };
+        // Currently, only US, GB, DE, SE and DK are supported.
 
         var functionResult = await kernel.InvokeAsync(plugin["productsUsingGET"], arguments);
 

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example22_OpenAIPlugin_AzureKeyVault.cs

@@ -105,9 +105,11 @@ private async Task AddSecretToAzureKeyVaultAsync(Kernel kernel, KernelPlugin plu
     private static async Task GetSecretFromAzureKeyVaultWithRetryAsync(Kernel kernel, KernelPlugin plugin)
     {
         // Add arguments for required parameters, arguments for optional ones can be skipped.
-        var arguments = new KernelArguments();
-        arguments["secret-name"] = SecretName;
-        arguments["api-version"] = "7.0";
+        var arguments = new KernelArguments
+        {
+            ["secret-name"] = SecretName,
+            ["api-version"] = "7.0"
+        };
 
         // Run
         var functionResult = await kernel.InvokeAsync(plugin["GetSecret"], arguments);
@@ -139,8 +141,8 @@ internal sealed class OpenAIAuthenticationProvider
     /// <param name="credentials">A dictionary containing credentials for each authentication scheme.</param>
     public OpenAIAuthenticationProvider(Dictionary<string, Dictionary<string, string>>? oAuthValues = null, Dictionary<string, string>? credentials = null)
     {
-        this._oAuthValues = oAuthValues ?? new();
-        this._credentials = credentials ?? new();
+        this._oAuthValues = oAuthValues ?? [];
+        this._credentials = credentials ?? [];
     }
 
     /// <summary>

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example24_OpenApiPlugin_Jira.cs

@@ -85,12 +85,13 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
             );
         }
 
-        var arguments = new KernelArguments();
-
-        // GetIssue Function
-        // Set Properties for the Get Issue operation in the openAPI.swagger.json
-        // Make sure the issue exists in your Jira instance or it will return a 404
-        arguments["issueKey"] = "TEST-1";
+        var arguments = new KernelArguments
+        {
+            // GetIssue Function
+            // Set Properties for the Get Issue operation in the openAPI.swagger.json
+            // Make sure the issue exists in your Jira instance or it will return a 404
+            ["issueKey"] = "TEST-1"
+        };
 
         // Run operation via the semantic kernel
         var result = await kernel.InvokeAsync(jiraFunctions["GetIssue"], arguments);
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
 
         // AddComment Function
         arguments["issueKey"] = "TEST-2";
-        arguments[RestApiOperation.PayloadArgumentName] = "{\"body\": \"Here is a rad comment\"}";
+        arguments[RestApiOperation.PayloadArgumentName] = """{"body": "Here is a rad comment"}""";
 
         // Run operation via the semantic kernel
         result = await kernel.InvokeAsync(jiraFunctions["AddComment"], arguments);

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example25_ReadOnlyMemoryStore.cs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
     {
         var store = new ReadOnlyMemoryStore(s_jsonVectorEntries);
 
-        var embedding = new ReadOnlyMemory<float>(new float[] { 22, 4, 6 });
+        var embedding = new ReadOnlyMemory<float>([22, 4, 6]);
 
         WriteLine("Reading data from custom read-only memory store");
         var memoryRecord = await store.GetAsync("collection", "key3");
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public IAsyncEnumerable<string> GetCollectionsAsync(CancellationToken cancellati
                 throw new Exception($"Embedding vector size {embedding.Length} does not match expected size of {this._vectorSize}");
             }
 
-            List<(MemoryRecord Record, double Score)> embeddings = new();
+            List<(MemoryRecord Record, double Score)> embeddings = [];
 
             foreach (var item in this._memoryRecords)
             {

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example35_GrpcPlugins.cs

@@ -22,9 +22,11 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
         var plugin = kernel.ImportPluginFromGrpcFile("<path-to-.proto-file>", "<plugin-name>");
 
         // Add arguments for required parameters, arguments for optional ones can be skipped.
-        var arguments = new KernelArguments();
-        arguments["address"] = "<gRPC-server-address>";
-        arguments["payload"] = "<gRPC-request-message-as-json>";
+        var arguments = new KernelArguments
+        {
+            ["address"] = "<gRPC-server-address>",
+            ["payload"] = "<gRPC-request-message-as-json>"
+        };
 
         // Run
         var result = await kernel.InvokeAsync(plugin["<operation-name>"], arguments);

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example37_CompletionIdentity.cs

@@ -72,11 +72,10 @@ public async Task StreamingIdentityAsync(bool withName)
     private static ChatHistory CreateHistory(bool withName)
     {
         return
-            new ChatHistory()
-            {
+            [
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.System, "Write one paragraph in response to the user that rhymes") { AuthorName = withName ? "Echo" : null },
                 new ChatMessageContent(AuthorRole.User, "Why is AI awesome") { AuthorName = withName ? "Ralph" : null },
-            };
+            ];
     }
 
     private void ValidateMessages(ChatHistory chatHistory, bool expectName)

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example40_DIContainer.cs

@@ -39,16 +39,10 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
     /// <summary>
     /// Class that uses/references Kernel.
     /// </summary>
-    private sealed class KernelClient
+    private sealed class KernelClient(Kernel kernel, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
     {
-        private readonly Kernel _kernel;
-        private readonly ILogger _logger;
-
-        public KernelClient(Kernel kernel, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
-        {
-            this._kernel = kernel;
-            this._logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(nameof(KernelClient));
-        }
+        private readonly Kernel _kernel = kernel;
+        private readonly ILogger _logger = loggerFactory.CreateLogger(nameof(KernelClient));
 
         public async Task SummarizeAsync(string ask)
         {

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example55_TextChunker.cs

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ public DeepDevTokenCounter()
 
         public int Count(string input)
         {
-            var tokens = this._tokenizer.Encode(input, new HashSet<string>());
+            var tokens = this._tokenizer.Encode(input, []);
             return tokens.Count;
         }
     }

dotnet/samples/KernelSyntaxExamples/Example56_TemplateMethodFunctionsWithMultipleArguments.cs

@@ -44,8 +44,10 @@ public async Task RunAsync()
             modelId: modelId);
         Kernel kernel = builder.Build();
 
-        var arguments = new KernelArguments();
-        arguments["word2"] = " Potter";
+        var arguments = new KernelArguments
+        {
+            ["word2"] = " Potter"
+        };
 
         // Load native plugin into the kernel function collection, sharing its functions with prompt templates
         // Functions loaded here are available as "text.*"