[vcpkg] fatal_error when patch fails to apply

[cenit]

Continued work from #6578

[cenit]

Quoting from previous pr:

This pr MUST NOT CONTAIN any improvement nor any update to any port. It is just a review of portfiles to make them adhere better to CMake standards and vcpkg's best practices, towards the goal of enabling a FATAL_ERROR for unmerged patches.
Any help is very appreciated, just let me know if you want to participate

edit: of course, any improvement that is necessary for the "green badge" is valid for this PR

[cenit]

Wondering why a change in a common script does not trigger a whole rebuild? @Rastaban

I will continue the work without the support of CI, which I was hoping to exploit

[cenit]

bumping all the regressions, one by one in order to better understand the problems, was enough to solve most of them. A couple required some more attention and were fixed along the way.

@vicroms, I think that this PR is now in the best possible situation for a merge: no regression, many many ports fixed along the way (new passes, yay), and patches/upgrades cannot be accepted anymore if they break a patch or do not apply them correctly (which was the specific target of this PR).
Since it is extremely broad in spectrum, keeping it aligned with master is very time consuming and I'd hope to not have to do for a long time... I hope you can understand.

[cbezault]

I've reviewed all this files. It's a lot and so I might have missed something but it looks good to me.

[cenit]

Thanks a lot @cbezault
I tagged @vicroms because I misunderstood you already changed project
Glad you were still on it :)

[cbezault]

I'm still around just winding down.

[vicroms]

You cannot escape

[cenit]

I will try my best for that to happen, locking you here inside monstrous PRs