-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 2k
/
lua_api.txt
2430 lines (2166 loc) · 98.7 KB
/
lua_api.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
Minetest Lua Modding API Reference 0.4.9
========================================
More information at http://www.minetest.net/
Developer Wiki: http://dev.minetest.net/
Introduction
-------------
Content and functionality can be added to Minetest 0.4 by using Lua
scripting in run-time loaded mods.
A mod is a self-contained bunch of scripts, textures and other related
things that is loaded by and interfaces with Minetest.
Mods are contained and ran solely on the server side. Definitions and media
files are automatically transferred to the client.
If you see a deficiency in the API, feel free to attempt to add the
functionality in the engine and API. You can send such improvements as
source code patches to <celeron55@gmail.com>.
Programming in Lua
-------------------
If you have any difficulty in understanding this, please read:
http://www.lua.org/pil/
Startup
--------
Mods are loaded during server startup from the mod load paths by running
the init.lua scripts in a shared environment.
Paths
-----
RUN_IN_PLACE=1: (Windows release, local build)
$path_user: Linux: <build directory>
Windows: <build directory>
$path_share: Linux: <build directory>
Windows: <build directory>
RUN_IN_PLACE=0: (Linux release)
$path_share: Linux: /usr/share/minetest
Windows: <install directory>/minetest-0.4.x
$path_user: Linux: ~/.minetest
Windows: C:/users/<user>/AppData/minetest (maybe)
Games
-----
Games are looked up from:
$path_share/games/gameid/
$path_user/games/gameid/
where gameid is unique to each game.
The game directory contains the file game.conf, which contains these fields:
name = <Human-readable full name of the game>
eg.
name = Minetest
The game directory can contain the file minetest.conf, which will be used
to set default settings when running the particular game.
Mod load path
-------------
Generic:
$path_share/games/gameid/mods/
$path_share/mods/
$path_user/games/gameid/mods/
$path_user/mods/ <-- User-installed mods
$worldpath/worldmods/
In a run-in-place version (eg. the distributed windows version):
minetest-0.4.x/games/gameid/mods/
minetest-0.4.x/mods/gameid/ <-- User-installed mods
minetest-0.4.x/worlds/worldname/worldmods/
On an installed version on linux:
/usr/share/minetest/games/gameid/mods/
~/.minetest/mods/gameid/ <-- User-installed mods
~/.minetest/worlds/worldname/worldmods
Mod load path for world-specific games
--------------------------------------
It is possible to include a game in a world; in this case, no mods or
games are loaded or checked from anywhere else.
This is useful for eg. adventure worlds.
This happens if the following directory exists:
$world/game/
Mods should be then be placed in:
$world/game/mods/
Modpack support
----------------
Mods can be put in a subdirectory, if the parent directory, which otherwise
should be a mod, contains a file named modpack.txt. This file shall be
empty, except for lines starting with #, which are comments.
Mod directory structure
------------------------
mods
|-- modname
| |-- depends.txt
| |-- screenshot.png
| |-- description.txt
| |-- init.lua
| |-- textures
| | |-- modname_stuff.png
| | `-- modname_something_else.png
| |-- sounds
| |-- media
| `-- <custom data>
`-- another
modname:
The location of this directory can be fetched by using
minetest.get_modpath(modname)
depends.txt:
List of mods that have to be loaded before loading this mod.
A single line contains a single modname.
Optional dependencies can be defined by appending a question mark
to a single modname. Their meaning is that if the specified mod
is missing, that does not prevent this mod from being loaded.
screenshot.png:
A screenshot shown in modmanager within mainmenu.
description.txt:
File containing desctiption to be shown within mainmenu.
init.lua:
The main Lua script. Running this script should register everything it
wants to register. Subsequent execution depends on minetest calling the
registered callbacks.
minetest.setting_get(name) and minetest.setting_getbool(name) can be used
to read custom or existing settings at load time, if necessary.
textures, sounds, media:
Media files (textures, sounds, whatever) that will be transferred to the
client and will be available for use by the mod.
Naming convention for registered textual names
----------------------------------------------
Registered names should generally be in this format:
"modname:<whatever>" (<whatever> can have characters a-zA-Z0-9_)
This is to prevent conflicting names from corrupting maps and is
enforced by the mod loader.
Example: mod "experimental", ideal item/node/entity name "tnt":
-> the name should be "experimental:tnt".
Enforcement can be overridden by prefixing the name with ":". This can
be used for overriding the registrations of some other mod.
Example: Any mod can redefine experimental:tnt by using the name
":experimental:tnt" when registering it.
(also that mod is required to have "experimental" as a dependency)
The ":" prefix can also be used for maintaining backwards compatibility.
Aliases
-------
Aliases can be added by using minetest.register_alias(name, convert_to)
This will make Minetest to convert things called name to things called
convert_to.
This can be used for maintaining backwards compatibility.
This can be also used for setting quick access names for things, eg. if
you have an item called epiclylongmodname:stuff, you could do
minetest.register_alias("stuff", "epiclylongmodname:stuff")
and be able to use "/giveme stuff".
Textures
--------
Mods should generally prefix their textures with modname_, eg. given
the mod name "foomod", a texture could be called
"foomod_foothing.png"
Textures are referred to by their complete name, or alternatively by
stripping out the file extension:
eg. foomod_foothing.png
eg. foomod_foothing
Sounds
-------
Only OGG files are supported.
For positional playing of sounds, only single-channel (mono) files are
supported. Otherwise OpenAL will play them non-positionally.
Mods should generally prefix their sounds with modname_, eg. given
the mod name "foomod", a sound could be called
"foomod_foosound.ogg"
Sounds are referred to by their name with a dot, a single digit and the
file extension stripped out. When a sound is played, the actual sound file
is chosen randomly from the matching sounds.
When playing the sound "foomod_foosound", the sound is chosen randomly
from the available ones of the following files:
foomod_foosound.ogg
foomod_foosound.0.ogg
foomod_foosound.1.ogg
...
foomod_foosound.9.ogg
Examples of sound parameter tables:
-- Play locationless on all clients
{
gain = 1.0, -- default
}
-- Play locationless to a player
{
to_player = name,
gain = 1.0, -- default
}
-- Play in a location
{
pos = {x=1,y=2,z=3},
gain = 1.0, -- default
max_hear_distance = 32, -- default
}
-- Play connected to an object, looped
{
object = <an ObjectRef>,
gain = 1.0, -- default
max_hear_distance = 32, -- default
loop = true, -- only sounds connected to objects can be looped
}
SimpleSoundSpec:
eg. ""
eg. "default_place_node"
eg. {}
eg. {name="default_place_node"}
eg. {name="default_place_node", gain=1.0}
Registered definitions of stuff
--------------------------------
Anything added using certain minetest.register_* functions get added to
the global minetest.registered_* tables.
minetest.register_entity(name, prototype table)
-> minetest.registered_entities[name]
minetest.register_node(name, node definition)
-> minetest.registered_items[name]
-> minetest.registered_nodes[name]
minetest.register_tool(name, item definition)
-> minetest.registered_items[name]
minetest.register_craftitem(name, item definition)
-> minetest.registered_items[name]
Note that in some cases you will stumble upon things that are not contained
in these tables (eg. when a mod has been removed). Always check for
existence before trying to access the fields.
Example: If you want to check the drawtype of a node, you could do:
local function get_nodedef_field(nodename, fieldname)
if not minetest.registered_nodes[nodename] then
return nil
end
return minetest.registered_nodes[nodename][fieldname]
end
local drawtype = get_nodedef_field(nodename, "drawtype")
Example: minetest.get_item_group(name, group) has been implemented as:
function minetest.get_item_group(name, group)
if not minetest.registered_items[name] or not
minetest.registered_items[name].groups[group] then
return 0
end
return minetest.registered_items[name].groups[group]
end
Nodes
------
Nodes are the bulk data of the world: cubes and other things that take the
space of a cube. Huge amounts of them are handled efficiently, but they
are quite static.
The definition of a node is stored and can be accessed by name in
minetest.registered_nodes[node.name]
See "Registered definitions of stuff".
Nodes are passed by value between Lua and the engine.
They are represented by a table:
{name="name", param1=num, param2=num}
param1 and param2 are 8 bit integers. The engine uses them for certain
automated functions. If you don't use these functions, you can use them to
store arbitrary values.
The functions of param1 and param2 are determined by certain fields in the
node definition:
param1 is reserved for the engine when paramtype != "none":
paramtype = "light"
^ The value stores light with and without sun in it's
upper and lower 4 bits.
param2 is reserved for the engine when any of these are used:
liquidtype == "flowing"
^ The level and some flags of the liquid is stored in param2
drawtype == "flowingliquid"
^ The drawn liquid level is read from param2
drawtype == "torchlike"
drawtype == "signlike"
paramtype2 == "wallmounted"
^ The rotation of the node is stored in param2. You can make this value
by using minetest.dir_to_wallmounted().
paramtype2 == "facedir"
^ The rotation of the node is stored in param2. Furnaces and chests are
rotated this way. Can be made by using minetest.dir_to_facedir().
Values range 0 - 23
facedir modulo 4 = axisdir
0 = y+ 1 = z+ 2 = z- 3 = x+ 4 = x- 5 = y-
facedir's two less significant bits are rotation around the axis
paramtype2 == "leveled"
^ The drawn node level is read from param2, like flowingliquid
Nodes can also contain extra data. See "Node Metadata".
Node drawtypes
---------------
There are a bunch of different looking node types. These are mostly just
copied from Minetest 0.3; more may be made in the future.
Look for examples in games/minimal or games/minetest_game.
- normal
- airlike
- liquid
- flowingliquid
- glasslike
- glasslike_framed
- allfaces
- allfaces_optional
- torchlike
- signlike
- plantlike
- fencelike
- raillike
- nodebox -- See below. EXPERIMENTAL
Node boxes
-----------
Node selection boxes are defined using "node boxes"
The "nodebox" node drawtype allows defining visual of nodes consisting of
arbitrary number of boxes. It allows defining stuff like stairs. Only the
"fixed" and "leveled" box type is supported for these.
^ Please note that this is still experimental, and may be incompatibly
changed in the future.
A nodebox is defined as any of:
{
-- A normal cube; the default in most things
type = "regular"
}
{
-- A fixed box (facedir param2 is used, if applicable)
type = "fixed",
fixed = box OR {box1, box2, ...}
}
{
-- A box like the selection box for torches
-- (wallmounted param2 is used, if applicable)
type = "wallmounted",
wall_top = box,
wall_bottom = box,
wall_side = box
}
A box is defined as:
{x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2}
A box of a regular node would look like:
{-0.5, -0.5, -0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5},
type = "leveled" is same as "fixed", but y2 will be automaticaly setted to level from param2
Ore types
---------------
These tell in what manner the ore is generated.
All default ores are of the uniformly-distributed scatter type.
- scatter
Randomly chooses a location and generates a cluster of ore.
If noise_params is specified, the ore will be placed if the 3d perlin noise at
that point is greater than the noise_threshhold, giving the ability to create a non-equal
distribution of ore.
- sheet
Creates a sheet of ore in a blob shape according to the 2d perlin noise described by noise_params.
The relative height of the sheet can be controlled by the same perlin noise as well, by specifying
a non-zero 'scale' parameter in noise_params. IMPORTANT: The noise is not transformed by offset or
scale when comparing against the noise threshhold, but scale is used to determine relative height.
The height of the blob is randomly scattered, with a maximum height of clust_size.
clust_scarcity and clust_num_ores are ignored.
This is essentially an improved version of the so-called "stratus" ore seen in some unofficial mods.
- claylike - NOT YET IMPLEMENTED
Places ore if there are no more than clust_scarcity number of specified nodes within a Von Neumann
neighborhood of clust_size radius.
Ore attributes
-------------------
Currently supported flags: absheight
- absheight
Also produce this same ore between the height range of -height_max and -height_min.
Useful for having ore in sky realms without having to duplicate ore entries.
Decoration types
-------------------
The varying types of decorations that can be placed.
The default value is simple, and is currently the only type supported.
- simple
Creates a 1xHx1 column of a specified node (or a random node from a list, if a decoration
list is specified). Can specify a certain node it must spawn next to, such as water or lava,
for example. Can also generate a decoration of random height between a specified lower and
upper bound. This type of decoration is intended for placement of grass, flowers, cacti,
papyrus, and so on.
- schematic
Copies a box of MapNodes from a specified schematic file (or raw description). Can specify a
probability of a node randomly appearing when placed. This decoration type is intended to be used
for multi-node sized discrete structures, such as trees, cave spikes, rocks, and so on.
Schematic specifier
--------------------
A schematic specifier identifies a schematic by either a filename to a Minetest Schematic file (.mts)
or through raw data supplied through Lua, in the form of a table. This table must specify two fields:
- The 'size' field is a 3d vector containing the dimensions of the provided schematic.
- The 'data' field is a flat table of MapNodes making up the schematic, in the order of [z [y [x]]].
Important: The default value for param1 in MapNodes here is 255, which represents "always place".
In the bulk MapNode data, param1, instead of the typical light values, instead represents the
probability of that node appearing in the structure.
When passed to minetest.create_schematic, probability is an integer value ranging from 0 to 255:
- A probability value of 0 means that node will never appear (0% chance).
- A probability value of 255 means the node will always appear (100% chance).
- If the probability value p is greater than 0, then there is a (p / 256 * 100)% chance that node
will appear when the schematic is placed on the map.
Important note: Node aliases cannot be used for a raw schematic provided when registering as a decoration.
Schematic attributes
---------------------
Currently supported flags: place_center_x, place_center_y, place_center_z
- place_center_x
Placement of this decoration is centered along the X axis.
- place_center_y
Placement of this decoration is centered along the Y axis.
- place_center_z
Placement of this decoration is centered along the Z axis.
HUD element types
-------------------
The position field is used for all element types.
To account for differing resolutions, the position coordinates are the percentage of the screen,
ranging in value from 0 to 1.
The name field is not yet used, but should contain a description of what the HUD element represents.
The direction field is the direction in which something is drawn.
0 draws from left to right, 1 draws from right to left, 2 draws from top to bottom, and 3 draws from bottom to top.
The alignment field specifies how the item will be aligned. It ranges from -1 to 1,
with 0 being the center, -1 is moved to the left/up, and 1 is to the right/down. Fractional
values can be used.
The offset field specifies a pixel offset from the position. Contrary to position,
the offset is not scaled to screen size. This allows for some precisely-positioned
items in the HUD.
Below are the specific uses for fields in each type; fields not listed for that type are ignored.
Note: Future revisions to the HUD API may be incompatible; the HUD API is still in the experimental stages.
- image
Displays an image on the HUD.
- scale: The scale of the image, with 1 being the original texture size.
Only the X coordinate scale is used (positive values)
Negative values represent that percentage of the screen it
should take; e.g. x=-100 means 100% (width)
- text: The name of the texture that is displayed.
- alignment: The alignment of the image.
- offset: offset in pixels from position.
- text
Displays text on the HUD.
- scale: Defines the bounding rectangle of the text.
A value such as {x=100, y=100} should work.
- text: The text to be displayed in the HUD element.
- number: An integer containing the RGB value of the color used to draw the text.
Specify 0xFFFFFF for white text, 0xFF0000 for red, and so on.
- alignment: The alignment of the text.
- offset: offset in pixels from position.
- statbar
Displays a horizontal bar made up of half-images.
- text: The name of the texture that is used.
- number: The number of half-textures that are displayed.
If odd, will end with a vertically center-split texture.
- direction
- offset: offset in pixels from position.
- inventory
- text: The name of the inventory list to be displayed.
- number: Number of items in the inventory to be displayed.
- item: Position of item that is selected.
- direction
Representations of simple things
--------------------------------
Position/vector:
{x=num, y=num, z=num}
For helper functions see "Vector helpers".
pointed_thing:
{type="nothing"}
{type="node", under=pos, above=pos}
{type="object", ref=ObjectRef}
Items
------
Node (register_node):
A node from the world
Tool (register_tool):
A tool/weapon that can dig and damage things according to tool_capabilities
Craftitem (register_craftitem):
A miscellaneous item
Items and item stacks can exist in three formats:
Serialized; This is called stackstring or itemstring:
eg. 'default:dirt 5'
eg. 'default:pick_wood 21323'
eg. 'default:apple'
Table format:
eg. {name="default:dirt", count=5, wear=0, metadata=""}
^ 5 dirt nodes
eg. {name="default:pick_wood", count=1, wear=21323, metadata=""}
^ a wooden pick about 1/3 weared out
eg. {name="default:apple", count=1, wear=0, metadata=""}
^ an apple.
ItemStack:
C++ native format with many helper methods. Useful for converting between
formats. See the Class reference section for details.
When an item must be passed to a function, it can usually be in any of
these formats.
Groups
-------
In a number of places, there is a group table. Groups define the
properties of a thing (item, node, armor of entity, capabilities of
tool) in such a way that the engine and other mods can can interact with
the thing without actually knowing what the thing is.
Usage:
- Groups are stored in a table, having the group names with keys and the
group ratings as values. For example:
groups = {crumbly=3, soil=1}
^ Default dirt
groups = {crumbly=2, soil=1, level=2, outerspace=1}
^ A more special dirt-kind of thing
- Groups always have a rating associated with them. If there is no
useful meaning for a rating for an enabled group, it shall be 1.
- When not defined, the rating of a group defaults to 0. Thus when you
read groups, you must interpret nil and 0 as the same value, 0.
You can read the rating of a group for an item or a node by using
minetest.get_item_group(itemname, groupname)
Groups of items
----------------
Groups of items can define what kind of an item it is (eg. wool).
Groups of nodes
----------------
In addition to the general item things, groups are used to define whether
a node is destroyable and how long it takes to destroy by a tool.
Groups of entities
-------------------
For entities, groups are, as of now, used only for calculating damage.
The rating is the percentage of damage caused by tools with this damage group.
See "Entity damage mechanism".
object.get_armor_groups() -> a group-rating table (eg. {fleshy=100})
object.set_armor_groups({fleshy=30, cracky=80})
Groups of tools
----------------
Groups in tools define which groups of nodes and entities they are
effective towards.
Groups in crafting recipes
---------------------------
An example: Make meat soup from any meat, any water and any bowl
{
output = 'food:meat_soup_raw',
recipe = {
{'group:meat'},
{'group:water'},
{'group:bowl'},
},
-- preserve = {'group:bowl'}, -- Not implemented yet (TODO)
}
An another example: Make red wool from white wool and red dye
{
type = 'shapeless',
output = 'wool:red',
recipe = {'wool:white', 'group:dye,basecolor_red'},
}
Special groups
---------------
- immortal: Disables the group damage system for an entity
- level: Can be used to give an additional sense of progression in the game.
- A larger level will cause eg. a weapon of a lower level make much less
damage, and get weared out much faster, or not be able to get drops
from destroyed nodes.
- 0 is something that is directly accessible at the start of gameplay
- There is no upper limit
- dig_immediate: (player can always pick up node without tool wear)
- 2: node is removed without tool wear after 0.5 seconds or so
(rail, sign)
- 3: node is removed without tool wear immediately (torch)
- disable_jump: Player (and possibly other things) cannot jump from node
- fall_damage_add_percent: damage speed = speed * (1 + value/100)
- bouncy: value is bounce speed in percent
- falling_node: if there is no walkable block under the node it will fall
- attached_node: if the node under it is not a walkable block the node will be
dropped as an item. If the node is wallmounted the
wallmounted direction is checked.
- soil: saplings will grow on nodes in this group
- connect_to_raillike: makes nodes of raillike drawtype connect to
other group members with same drawtype
Known damage and digging time defining groups
----------------------------------------------
- crumbly: dirt, sand
- cracky: tough but crackable stuff like stone.
- snappy: something that can be cut using fine tools; eg. leaves, small
plants, wire, sheets of metal
- choppy: something that can be cut using force; eg. trees, wooden planks
- fleshy: Living things like animals and the player. This could imply
some blood effects when hitting.
- explody: Especially prone to explosions
- oddly_breakable_by_hand:
Can be added to nodes that shouldn't logically be breakable by the
hand but are. Somewhat similar to dig_immediate, but times are more
like {[1]=3.50,[2]=2.00,[3]=0.70} and this does not override the
speed of a tool if the tool can dig at a faster speed than this
suggests for the hand.
Examples of custom groups
--------------------------
Item groups are often used for defining, well, //groups of items//.
- meat: any meat-kind of a thing (rating might define the size or healing
ability or be irrelevant - it is not defined as of yet)
- eatable: anything that can be eaten. Rating might define HP gain in half
hearts.
- flammable: can be set on fire. Rating might define the intensity of the
fire, affecting eg. the speed of the spreading of an open fire.
- wool: any wool (any origin, any color)
- metal: any metal
- weapon: any weapon
- heavy: anything considerably heavy
Digging time calculation specifics
-----------------------------------
Groups such as **crumbly**, **cracky** and **snappy** are used for this
purpose. Rating is 1, 2 or 3. A higher rating for such a group implies
faster digging time.
The **level** group is used to limit the toughness of nodes a tool can dig
and to scale the digging times / damage to a greater extent.
^ PLEASE DO UNDERSTAND THIS, otherwise you cannot use the system to it's
full potential.
Tools define their properties by a list of parameters for groups. They
cannot dig other groups; thus it is important to use a standard bunch of
groups to enable interaction with tools.
**Tools define:**
* Full punch interval
* Maximum drop level
* For an arbitrary list of groups:
* Uses (until the tool breaks)
* Maximum level (usually 0, 1, 2 or 3)
* Digging times
* Damage groups
**Full punch interval**:
When used as a weapon, the tool will do full damage if this time is spent
between punches. If eg. half the time is spent, the tool will do half
damage.
**Maximum drop level**
Suggests the maximum level of node, when dug with the tool, that will drop
it's useful item. (eg. iron ore to drop a lump of iron).
- This is not automated; it is the responsibility of the node definition
to implement this
**Uses**
Determines how many uses the tool has when it is used for digging a node,
of this group, of the maximum level. For lower leveled nodes, the use count
is multiplied by 3^leveldiff.
- uses=10, leveldiff=0 -> actual uses: 10
- uses=10, leveldiff=1 -> actual uses: 30
- uses=10, leveldiff=2 -> actual uses: 90
**Maximum level**
Tells what is the maximum level of a node of this group that the tool will
be able to dig.
**Digging times**
List of digging times for different ratings of the group, for nodes of the
maximum level.
* For example, as a lua table, ''times={2=2.00, 3=0.70}''. This would
result in the tool to be able to dig nodes that have a rating of 2 or 3
for this group, and unable to dig the rating 1, which is the toughest.
Unless there is a matching group that enables digging otherwise.
**Damage groups**
List of damage for groups of entities. See "Entity damage mechanism".
Example definition of the capabilities of a tool
-------------------------------------------------
tool_capabilities = {
full_punch_interval=1.5,
max_drop_level=1,
groupcaps={
crumbly={maxlevel=2, uses=20, times={[1]=1.60, [2]=1.20, [3]=0.80}}
}
damage_groups = {fleshy=2},
}
This makes the tool be able to dig nodes that fullfill both of these:
- Have the **crumbly** group
- Have a **level** group less or equal to 2
Table of resulting digging times:
crumbly 0 1 2 3 4 <- level
-> 0 - - - - -
1 0.80 1.60 1.60 - -
2 0.60 1.20 1.20 - -
3 0.40 0.80 0.80 - -
level diff: 2 1 0 -1 -2
Table of resulting tool uses:
-> 0 - - - - -
1 180 60 20 - -
2 180 60 20 - -
3 180 60 20 - -
Notes:
- At crumbly=0, the node is not diggable.
- At crumbly=3, the level difference digging time divider kicks in and makes
easy nodes to be quickly breakable.
- At level > 2, the node is not diggable, because it's level > maxlevel
Entity damage mechanism
------------------------
Damage calculation:
damage = 0
foreach group in cap.damage_groups:
damage += cap.damage_groups[group] * limit(actual_interval / cap.full_punch_interval, 0.0, 1.0)
* (object.armor_groups[group] / 100.0)
-- Where object.armor_groups[group] is 0 for inexisting values
return damage
Client predicts damage based on damage groups. Because of this, it is able to
give an immediate response when an entity is damaged or dies; the response is
pre-defined somehow (eg. by defining a sprite animation) (not implemented;
TODO).
- Currently a smoke puff will appear when an entity dies.
The group **immortal** completely disables normal damage.
Entities can define a special armor group, which is **punch_operable**. This
group disables the regular damage mechanism for players punching it by hand or
a non-tool item, so that it can do something else than take damage.
On the Lua side, every punch calls ''entity:on_punch(puncher,
time_from_last_punch, tool_capabilities, direction)''. This should never be
called directly, because damage is usually not handled by the entity itself.
* ''puncher'' is the object performing the punch. Can be nil. Should never be
accessed unless absolutely required, to encourage interoperability.
* ''time_from_last_punch'' is time from last punch (by puncher) or nil.
* ''tool_capabilities'' can be nil.
* ''direction'' is a unit vector, pointing from the source of the punch to
the punched object.
To punch an entity/object in Lua, call ''object:punch(puncher,
time_from_last_punch, tool_capabilities, direction)''.
* Return value is tool wear.
* Parameters are equal to the above callback.
* If ''direction'' is nil and ''puncher'' is not nil, ''direction'' will be
automatically filled in based on the location of ''puncher''.
Node Metadata
-------------
The instance of a node in the world normally only contains the three values
mentioned in "Nodes". However, it is possible to insert extra data into a
node. It is called "node metadata"; See "NodeMetaRef".
Metadata contains two things:
- A key-value store
- An inventory
Some of the values in the key-value store are handled specially:
- formspec: Defines a right-click inventory menu. See "Formspec".
- infotext: Text shown on the screen when the node is pointed at
Example stuff:
local meta = minetest.get_meta(pos)
meta:set_string("formspec",
"invsize[8,9;]"..
"list[context;main;0,0;8,4;]"..
"list[current_player;main;0,5;8,4;]")
meta:set_string("infotext", "Chest");
local inv = meta:get_inventory()
inv:set_size("main", 8*4)
print(dump(meta:to_table()))
meta:from_table({
inventory = {
main = {[1] = "default:dirt", [2] = "", [3] = "", [4] = "", [5] = "", [6] = "", [7] = "", [8] = "", [9] = "", [10] = "", [11] = "", [12] = "", [13] = "", [14] = "default:cobble", [15] = "", [16] = "", [17] = "", [18] = "", [19] = "", [20] = "default:cobble", [21] = "", [22] = "", [23] = "", [24] = "", [25] = "", [26] = "", [27] = "", [28] = "", [29] = "", [30] = "", [31] = "", [32] = ""}
},
fields = {
formspec = "invsize[8,9;]list[context;main;0,0;8,4;]list[current_player;main;0,5;8,4;]",
infotext = "Chest"
}
})
Formspec
--------
Formspec defines a menu. Currently not much else than inventories are
supported. It is a string, with a somewhat strange format.
Spaces and newlines can be inserted between the blocks, as is used in the
examples.
Examples:
- Chest:
invsize[8,9;]
list[context;main;0,0;8,4;]
list[current_player;main;0,5;8,4;]
- Furnace:
invsize[8,9;]
list[context;fuel;2,3;1,1;]
list[context;src;2,1;1,1;]
list[context;dst;5,1;2,2;]
list[current_player;main;0,5;8,4;]
- Minecraft-like player inventory
invsize[8,7.5;]
image[1,0.6;1,2;player.png]
list[current_player;main;0,3.5;8,4;]
list[current_player;craft;3,0;3,3;]
list[current_player;craftpreview;7,1;1,1;]
Elements:
size[<W>,<H>]
^ Define the size of the menu in inventory slots
^ deprecated: invsize[<W>,<H>;]
list[<inventory location>;<list name>;<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;]
list[<inventory location>;<list name>;<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<starting item index>]
^ Show an inventory list
listcolors[<slot_bg_normal>;<slot_bg_hover>]
^ Sets background color of slots in HEX-Color format
^ Sets background color of slots on mouse hovering
listcolors[<slot_bg_normal>;<slot_bg_hover>;<slot_border>]
^ Sets background color of slots in HEX-Color format
^ Sets background color of slots on mouse hovering
^ Sets color of slots border
listcolors[<slot_bg_normal>;<slot_bg_hover>;<slot_border>;<tooltip_bgcolor>;<tooltip_fontcolor>]
^ Sets background color of slots in HEX-Color format
^ Sets background color of slots on mouse hovering
^ Sets color of slots border
^ Sets background color of tooltips
^ Sets font color of tooltips
image[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>]
^ Show an image
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
item_image[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<item name>]
^ Show an inventory image of registered item/node
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
bgcolor[<color>;<fullscreen>]
^ Sets background color of formspec in HEX-Color format
^ If true the background color is drawn fullscreen (does not effect the size of the formspec)
background[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>]
^ Use a background. Inventory rectangles are not drawn then.
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ Example for formspec 8x4 in 16x resolution: image shall be sized 8*16px x 4*16px
background[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>;<auto_clip>]
^ Use a background. Inventory rectangles are not drawn then.
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ Example for formspec 8x4 in 16x resolution: image shall be sized 8*16px x 4*16px
^ If true the background is clipped to formspec size (x and y are used as offset values, w and h are ignored)
pwdfield[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<label>]
^ Textual password style field; will be sent to server when a button is clicked
^ x and y position the field relative to the top left of the menu
^ w and h are the size of the field
^ fields are a set height, but will be vertically centred on h
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ name is the name of the field as returned in fields to on_receive_fields
^ label, if not blank, will be text printed on the top left above the field
field[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<label>;<default>]
^ Textual field; will be sent to server when a button is clicked
^ x and y position the field relative to the top left of the menu
^ w and h are the size of the field
^ fields are a set height, but will be vertically centred on h
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ name is the name of the field as returned in fields to on_receive_fields
^ label, if not blank, will be text printed on the top left above the field
^ default is the default value of the field
^ default may contain variable references such as '${text}' which
will fill the value from the metadata value 'text'
^ Note: no extra text or more than a single variable is supported ATM.
field[<name>;<label>;<default>]
^ as above but without position/size units
^ special field for creating simple forms, such as sign text input
^ must be used without a size[] element
^ a 'Proceed' button will be added automatically
textarea[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<label>;<default>]
^ same as fields above, but with multi-line input
label[<X>,<Y>;<label>]
^ x and y work as per field
^ label is the text on the label
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
vertlabel[<X>,<Y>;<label>]
^ Textual label drawn verticaly
^ x and y work as per field
^ label is the text on the label
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
button[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<label>]
^ Clickable button. When clicked, fields will be sent.
^ x, y and name work as per field
^ w and h are the size of the button
^ label is the text on the button
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
image_button[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>;<name>;<label>]
^ x, y, w, h, and name work as per button
^ texture name is the filename of an image
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
image_button[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>;<name>;<label>;<noclip>;<drawborder>]
^ x, y, w, h, and name work as per button
^ texture name is the filename of an image
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ noclip true meand imagebutton doesn't need to be within specified formsize
^ drawborder draw button bodrer or not
image_button[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>;<name>;<label>;<noclip>;<drawborder>;<pressed texture name>]
^ x, y, w, h, and name work as per button
^ texture name is the filename of an image
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
^ noclip true meand imagebutton doesn't need to be within specified formsize
^ drawborder draw button bodrer or not
^ pressed texture name is the filename of an image on pressed state
item_image_button[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<item name>;<name>;<label>]
^ x, y, w, h, name and label work as per button
^ item name is the registered name of an item/node,
tooltip will be made out of its descritption
^ Position and size units are inventory slots
button_exit[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<label>]
^ When clicked, fields will be sent and the form will quit.
image_button_exit[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<texture name>;<name>;<label>]
^ When clicked, fields will be sent and the form will quit.
textlist[<X>,<Y>;<W>,<H>;<name>;<listelem 1>,<listelem 2>,...,<listelem n>]
^Scrollabel itemlist showing arbitrary text elements
^ x and y position the itemlist relative to the top left of the menu
^ w and h are the size of the itemlist