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Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP)

Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is an encryption scheme that allows for proving the authenticity of a statement without revealing any additional information beyond what is necessary for the proof. [ref]
Here's a simple example of a ZKP algorithm in pseudocode:

// Prover wants to prove knowledge of a secret value x in a range [1, N]
// Verifier wants to verify the proof without learning anything about x

// Prover:
x = random value in [1, N]
r = random value
h = hash(x, r) // hash function
y = x + r

// Send (h, y) to verifier

// Verifier:
h, y = receive from prover
assert y > 0 and y <= N + h_max // h_max is the maximum value of h that is allowed
assert hash(x, y - x) == h // check that (h, y) is a valid proof for x

// Done!

This is a simple example of a ZKP algorithm called a "discrete logarithm proof" that proves knowledge of a secret value x in a range [1, N] without revealing x.
The idea is that the prover selects a random value r, computes y = x + r, and sends the verifier the hash of x and r (h) and y.
The verifier checks that y is in the range [1, N + h_max] and that the hash of x and y - x equals h, which proves that the prover knows x without revealing it.
There are many other types of ZKP algorithms with different properties and use cases, but they all rely on similar principles. [ref]

Example usecase:

  • Authentication
  • Anonymous transaction
  • Messaging | Share data
  • Protecting the storage or Sensitive data
  • Profitable search time from "T=O(n)" to "T=O(1)=1"

Note: The mindset of some programmers is: e^n = x = O(n). This is for non-large-disterbuted apps like windows app. Blockchain = compute power, so first calculate to hashing, then search directly to the hash target! Also O(1) when you search in blockchain and similar app. this mean "saving power & energy". example: compare different products, when details hashed.

Example Solidity : zk-signature

References:

[1] Zero Knowledge Proof
[2] Code Talks: The A-to-Z on zkSnarks and Zero-Knowledge …
[3] Example of A Good Zero Knowledge Proof

No need you are be outside the box, break the old useless rules of coding, change mindset and make new era of coding.