Existing guides on how to do this are little out of date and thin on the ground. I'm coming at this from Chrome OS Version 71, which (counter to most guides out there) has the beta Penguin Linux container ready to use on the stable Chrome OS channel.
My ideal preference was to build a stable development environment without jumping on to the dev or beta channels. I'm not entirely sure of the downsides of that route - but anecdotally it seems you may loose out on some built in security. This write up is from a box-fresh Pixelbook (8GB ram model) on Chrome OS version 71.
The main goal is to set up a bare-bones LAMP stack consisting of mysql, apache, php for development use only. I've opted to use standard Puppet Forge modules, available via r10k.
This is shared as a guide, in the hope it will help you fill in some missing parts, rather than be a complete solution.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
First off - wget is missing, so we'll need to manually grab that.
sudo apt-get install wget
Get Puppet, and install
wget https://apt.puppetlabs.com/puppet6-release-stretch.deb
sudo dpkg -i puppet6-release-stretch.deb
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y puppet-agent
sudo visudo
Append this to your secure path; :/opt/puppetlabs/puppet/bin
sudo gem install r10k
rm -Rf /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production/*
cd /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/production
git clone https://github.com/moth/penguin-lamp .
sudo puppet apply manifests
This mainfest will add two
manifests/links.pp installs a couple of handy symlinks which enables you edit your Puppet and www files locally on Chome OS by linking then to your home directory.
You can not edit your hosts file on Chrome OS. I've used a free account from https://www.noip.com to get around this limitation for now. Use hostname -I to get your IP and map a free subdomain to it.
I like caret > http://thomaswilburn.net/caret
This borrows heavily from everything I've gleaned from https://github.com/bitfield and his excellent Puppet Beginner's Guide books. He's a great mentor and consultant.