feat: cleanup Dockerfile and make final image a little smaller

[cryptk]

Description

Cleans up the Dockerfile to make it a bit easier to see what's going on and also makes a few adjustments to reduce the size of the final image a little. In my local testing, the uncompressed image is about 2.5GB smaller and the compressed image in a registry is about 0.5GB smaller

Notes for Reviewers

The changes fall into a few categories:

• newline and indentation adjustments to make the Dockerfile easier to read and maintain
• ensure that all apt-get stanzas completely cleanup after themselves
• do not install recommended packages, only actual dependencies
• have GRPC install into a prefix in the same container that builds it, which allows us to copy in the resulting build artifacts rather than the entire GRPC source tree in subsequent containers
  • This alone removed almost 1GB from the resulting uncompressed image
  • This also meant that we could skip installing protoc during the -core stage as we are going to build and install it later during the GRPC stage anyway

I am running a -core image locally with REBUILD=true to make sure that still works, but so far it's looking fine.

Signed commits

• Yes, I signed my commits.

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[mudler]

Nice cleanup!