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Check return value of contracts #1680

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merged 5 commits into from
Jun 15, 2020
Merged

Check return value of contracts #1680

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dadfde4
Check return value of contracts
erikzhang Jun 3, 2020
7b01ca6
Merge branch 'master' into check-return-value
shargon Jun 3, 2020
061e61d
Merge branch 'master' into check-return-value
vncoelho Jun 9, 2020
41dec3d
Merge branch 'master' into check-return-value
erikzhang Jun 15, 2020
411cfcc
Merge branch 'master' into check-return-value
erikzhang Jun 15, 2020
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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion src/neo/Ledger/Blockchain.cs
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ static Blockchain()
using (ScriptBuilder sb = new ScriptBuilder())
{
foreach (NativeContract contract in contracts)
sb.EmitAppCall(contract.Hash, "onPersist");
sb.EmitAppCall(contract.Hash, ContractParameterType.Boolean, "onPersist");

onPersistNativeContractScript = sb.ToArray();
}
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18 changes: 11 additions & 7 deletions src/neo/SmartContract/ApplicationEngine.Contract.cs
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Expand Up @@ -100,19 +100,19 @@ internal void DestroyContract()
Snapshot.Storages.Delete(key);
}

internal void CallContract(UInt160 contractHash, string method, Array args)
internal void CallContract(UInt160 contractHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string method, Array args)
{
CallContractInternal(contractHash, method, args, CallFlags.All);
CallContractInternal(contractHash, returnType, method, args, CallFlags.All);
}

internal void CallContractEx(UInt160 contractHash, string method, Array args, CallFlags callFlags)
internal void CallContractEx(UInt160 contractHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string method, Array args, CallFlags callFlags)
{
if ((callFlags & ~CallFlags.All) != 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(callFlags));
CallContractInternal(contractHash, method, args, callFlags);
CallContractInternal(contractHash, returnType, method, args, callFlags);
}

private void CallContractInternal(UInt160 contractHash, string method, Array args, CallFlags flags)
private void CallContractInternal(UInt160 contractHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string method, Array args, CallFlags flags)
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Why the caller need to specify the return type? it should be defined in the abi.

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For security reason. See the example:

bool verify(int a, int b)
{
    CallSomeContract();
    return a > b;
}

We expect CallSomeContract() to return no value. But if it maliciously returns 2 values, then these values will be automatically copied onto our stack, causing us to return wrong results.

//script of CallSomeContract()
PUSH 1 // this hide the parameter b of verify()
PUSH 2 // this hide the parameter a of verify()
RET

So we have to check the return values at the runtime.

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As CallContract and CallContractEx is to call contract public methods, we can read returnType from ABI directly. Why need user to pass the value?

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Because you can modify the abi at any time.

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@shargon shargon Jun 3, 2020 •
edited
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we should not be able to modify the abi without change the script

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Maybe we can create a canary in this methods, store the number of items previously, and check it later, if it's more than expected (by compiler), we can throw an exception.

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Should we set rvcount = 0 for _initialize, it may have the same issue.

neo/src/neo/SmartContract/ApplicationEngine.Contract.cs

Lines 160 to 161 in fc67879

md = contract.Manifest.Abi.GetMethod("_initialize");
if (md != null) LoadClonedContext(md.Offset);

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if it's more than expected (by compiler)

How to do it?

Should we set rvcount = 0 for _initialize, it may have the same issue.

_initialize() is not a cross-contract call, so it's okay.

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But if it maliciously returns 2 values

Now the contract can only return one value, right?

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It is just an example. One value can also harm the system.

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{
if (method.StartsWith('_')) throw new ArgumentException();

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -140,11 +140,15 @@ private void CallContractInternal(UInt160 contractHash, string method, Array arg
ContractMethodDescriptor md = contract.Manifest.Abi.GetMethod(method);
if (md is null) throw new InvalidOperationException();
if (args.Count != md.Parameters.Length) throw new InvalidOperationException();
int rvcount = md.ReturnType == ContractParameterType.Void ? 0 : 1;
ExecutionContext context_new = LoadScript(contract.Script, rvcount);
if (returnType == ContractParameterType.Void && md.ReturnType != ContractParameterType.Void)
throw new InvalidOperationException();
if (returnType != ContractParameterType.Any && md.ReturnType != returnType)
throw new InvalidOperationException();
ExecutionContext context_new = LoadScript(contract.Script);
state = context_new.GetState<ExecutionContextState>();
state.CallingScriptHash = callingScriptHash;
state.CallFlags = flags & callingFlags;
state.RVCount = returnType == ContractParameterType.Void ? 0 : 1;

if (NativeContract.IsNative(contractHash))
{
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15 changes: 12 additions & 3 deletions src/neo/SmartContract/ApplicationEngine.cs
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Expand Up @@ -55,6 +55,15 @@ internal bool AddGas(long gas)
return testMode || GasConsumed <= gas_amount;
}

protected override void ContextUnloaded(ExecutionContext context)
{
base.ContextUnloaded(context);
if (context.EvaluationStack == CurrentContext?.EvaluationStack) return;
int rvcount = context.GetState<ExecutionContextState>().RVCount;
if (rvcount != -1 && rvcount != context.EvaluationStack.Count)
throw new InvalidOperationException();
}

protected override void LoadContext(ExecutionContext context)
{
// Set default execution context state
Expand All @@ -64,9 +73,9 @@ protected override void LoadContext(ExecutionContext context)
base.LoadContext(context);
}

public ExecutionContext LoadScript(Script script, CallFlags callFlags, int rvcount = -1)
public ExecutionContext LoadScript(Script script, CallFlags callFlags)
{
ExecutionContext context = LoadScript(script, rvcount);
ExecutionContext context = LoadScript(script);
context.GetState<ExecutionContextState>().CallFlags = callFlags;
return context;
}
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ internal object Convert(StackItem item, InteropParameterDescriptor descriptor)
{
object value = descriptor.Converter(item);
if (descriptor.IsEnum)
value = System.Convert.ChangeType(value, descriptor.Type);
value = Enum.ToObject(descriptor.Type, value);
else if (descriptor.IsInterface)
value = ((InteropInterface)value).GetInterface<object>();
return value;
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25 changes: 13 additions & 12 deletions src/neo/SmartContract/ContractParameterType.cs
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Expand Up @@ -2,21 +2,22 @@ namespace Neo.SmartContract
{
public enum ContractParameterType : byte
{
Signature = 0x00,
Boolean = 0x01,
Integer = 0x02,
Hash160 = 0x03,
Hash256 = 0x04,
ByteArray = 0x05,
PublicKey = 0x06,
String = 0x07,
Any = 0x00,

Array = 0x10,
Map = 0x12,
Boolean = 0x10,
Integer = 0x11,
ByteArray = 0x12,
String = 0x13,
Hash160 = 0x14,
Hash256 = 0x15,
PublicKey = 0x16,
Signature = 0x17,

InteropInterface = 0xf0,
Array = 0x20,
Map = 0x22,

InteropInterface = 0x30,

Any = 0xfe,
Void = 0xff
}
}
2 changes: 2 additions & 0 deletions src/neo/SmartContract/ExecutionContextState.cs
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Expand Up @@ -16,5 +16,7 @@ internal class ExecutionContextState
/// Execution context rights
/// </summary>
public CallFlags CallFlags { get; set; } = CallFlags.All;

public int RVCount { get; set; } = -1;
}
}
4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/neo/SmartContract/Native/NativeContract.cs
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Expand Up @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ public ApplicationEngine TestCall(string operation, params object[] args)
{
using (ScriptBuilder sb = new ScriptBuilder())
{
sb.EmitAppCall(Hash, operation, args);
sb.EmitAppCall(Hash, ContractParameterType.Any, operation, args);
return ApplicationEngine.Run(sb.ToArray(), testMode: true);
}
}
Expand All @@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ private static ContractParameterType ToParameterType(Type type)
if (type == typeof(ulong)) return ContractParameterType.Integer;
if (type == typeof(BigInteger)) return ContractParameterType.Integer;
if (type == typeof(byte[])) return ContractParameterType.ByteArray;
if (type == typeof(string)) return ContractParameterType.ByteArray;
if (type == typeof(string)) return ContractParameterType.String;
if (type == typeof(VM.Types.Boolean)) return ContractParameterType.Boolean;
if (type == typeof(Integer)) return ContractParameterType.Integer;
if (type == typeof(ByteString)) return ContractParameterType.ByteArray;
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15 changes: 9 additions & 6 deletions src/neo/VM/Helper.cs
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Expand Up @@ -23,35 +23,38 @@ public static ScriptBuilder Emit(this ScriptBuilder sb, params OpCode[] ops)
return sb;
}

public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, string operation)
public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string operation)
{
sb.EmitPush(0);
sb.Emit(OpCode.NEWARRAY);
sb.EmitPush(operation);
sb.EmitPush(returnType);
sb.EmitPush(scriptHash);
sb.EmitSysCall(ApplicationEngine.System_Contract_Call);
return sb;
}

public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, string operation, params ContractParameter[] args)
public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string operation, params ContractParameter[] args)
{
for (int i = args.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
sb.EmitPush(args[i]);
sb.EmitPush(args.Length);
sb.Emit(OpCode.PACK);
sb.EmitPush(operation);
sb.EmitPush(returnType);
sb.EmitPush(scriptHash);
sb.EmitSysCall(ApplicationEngine.System_Contract_Call);
return sb;
}

public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, string operation, params object[] args)
public static ScriptBuilder EmitAppCall(this ScriptBuilder sb, UInt160 scriptHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string operation, params object[] args)
{
for (int i = args.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
sb.EmitPush(args[i]);
sb.EmitPush(args.Length);
sb.Emit(OpCode.PACK);
sb.EmitPush(operation);
sb.EmitPush(returnType);
sb.EmitPush(scriptHash);
sb.EmitSysCall(ApplicationEngine.System_Contract_Call);
return sb;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -208,14 +211,14 @@ public static string GetString(this StackItem item)
/// <param name="operation">contract operation</param>
/// <param name="args">operation arguments</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static byte[] MakeScript(this UInt160 scriptHash, string operation, params object[] args)
public static byte[] MakeScript(this UInt160 scriptHash, ContractParameterType returnType, string operation, params object[] args)
{
using (ScriptBuilder sb = new ScriptBuilder())
{
if (args.Length > 0)
sb.EmitAppCall(scriptHash, operation, args);
sb.EmitAppCall(scriptHash, returnType, operation, args);
else
sb.EmitAppCall(scriptHash, operation);
sb.EmitAppCall(scriptHash, returnType, operation);
return sb.ToArray();
}
}
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions src/neo/Wallets/AssetDescriptor.cs
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Expand Up @@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ public AssetDescriptor(UInt160 asset_id)
byte[] script;
using (ScriptBuilder sb = new ScriptBuilder())
{
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, "decimals");
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, "name");
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, ContractParameterType.Integer, "decimals");
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, ContractParameterType.String, "name");
script = sb.ToArray();
}
using ApplicationEngine engine = ApplicationEngine.Run(script, extraGAS: 3_000_000);
Expand Down
8 changes: 4 additions & 4 deletions src/neo/Wallets/Wallet.cs
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Expand Up @@ -137,10 +137,10 @@ public BigDecimal GetBalance(UInt160 asset_id, params UInt160[] accounts)
sb.EmitPush(0);
foreach (UInt160 account in accounts)
{
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, "balanceOf", account);
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, ContractParameterType.Integer, "balanceOf", account);
sb.Emit(OpCode.ADD);
}
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, "decimals");
sb.EmitAppCall(asset_id, ContractParameterType.Integer, "decimals");
script = sb.ToArray();
}
using ApplicationEngine engine = ApplicationEngine.Run(script, extraGAS: 20000000L * accounts.Length);
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ public Transaction MakeTransaction(TransferOutput[] outputs, UInt160 from = null
foreach (UInt160 account in accounts)
using (ScriptBuilder sb2 = new ScriptBuilder())
{
sb2.EmitAppCall(assetId, "balanceOf", account);
sb2.EmitAppCall(assetId, ContractParameterType.Integer, "balanceOf", account);
using (ApplicationEngine engine = ApplicationEngine.Run(sb2.ToArray(), snapshot, testMode: true))
{
if (engine.State.HasFlag(VMState.FAULT))
Expand All @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ public Transaction MakeTransaction(TransferOutput[] outputs, UInt160 from = null
cosignerList.UnionWith(balances_used.Select(p => p.Account));
foreach (var (account, value) in balances_used)
{
sb.EmitAppCall(output.AssetId, "transfer", account, output.ScriptHash, value);
sb.EmitAppCall(output.AssetId, ContractParameterType.Boolean, "transfer", account, output.ScriptHash, value);
sb.Emit(OpCode.ASSERT);
}
}
Expand Down
2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion src/neo/neo.csproj
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Expand Up @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebSockets" Version="2.2.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite" Version="3.1.3" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json" Version="3.1.3" />
<PackageReference Include="Neo.VM" Version="3.0.0-CI00219" />
<PackageReference Include="Neo.VM" Version="3.0.0-CI00224" />
</ItemGroup>

</Project>
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