various awesome, good or interesting free and OpenSource editors and IDE

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Console editors

• Vi/Vim
• Nano
• Joe's Own Editor (joe)
• mcedit
• FAR manager's editor
• Micro

for many languages

• Notepad++ (Windows only)
• Atom
• GVim (Vim with GUI)
• Emacs (editor/IDE)
• jEdit
• gEdit
• mEdit (Editor) http://mooedit.sourceforge.net/
• Geany (Editor/IDE)
• SynWrite (Editor, Windows only) http://sourceforge.net/projects/synwrite/ and CudaText (IMHO, good alternative to nodepad++)
• Zed (Editor)
• PSPad (Windows only)
• SciTe
• Komodo Editor and Komodo IDE
• Bluefish
• Visual Studio Code (Support JavaScript/Node.js, C#, TypeScript, CSS/Sass/Less and html, and syntax highlight for popular languages)
• Textadept
• notepad2 and notepad2-mod
• fxite
• Kate Editor
• KDevelop

Java, Scala

• Eclipse (IDE)
• Intelij IDEA Community Edition (IDE)
• NetBeans (IDE)
• drJava
• Eje (Everyone java editor)
• tIDE (IDE) - http://tide.olympe.in/ lightweight IDE for java
• Silver-J (IDE) - https://sourceforge.net/projects/silver-j/ lightweight IDE for Java written in C#/.NET

C/C++

• Code::Blocks (IDE) - IDE for C/C++/Fortran
• CodeLite (IDE) - C/C++/PHP and Web IDE
• Relo (IDE) (no longer under development)
• MinGW Developer Studio http://vaultec.mbnet.fi/mingwstudio.php (last version from 2014)
• Pelles C
• Dev-C++ (IDE, Windows)
• Anjuta DevStudio (IDE, linux) - also support Python, Java, JavaScript and Vala

PHP

• CodeLobsterPHPEdition Free Version (Editor/IDE, Windows only)
• Eclipse PDT
• CodeLite (IDE) - C/C++/PHP and Web IDE
• NetBeans PHP

Python

• WingIDE Personal Edition
• IEP (Interactive Editor for Python)
• PyScripter (Windows only)
• Eric (IDE) - IDE for Python and Ruby
• Editra (IDE)
• DreamPie
• IDLE
• PyCharm Community Edition (IDE)
• PyDev (plugin for Eclipse)
• Ex.Co.

Ruby

• Aptana Studio
• IronRuby 1.1 (include Ruby Tools for Visual Studio 2010) (no longer under development).

Clojure

• NightCode (IDE)
• LightTable (IDE)
• Clooj (is no longer developed :( )

JavaScript, Node.js

• NodeEclipse / Enide (plugin for Eclipse)
• Adobe Brackets
• Visual Sctudio Code (Support JavaScript/Node.js, C#, TypeScript, CSS/Sass/Less, html and some more popular languages)
• CodeLite (support Node.js)
• Cats (editor for TypeScript, running over NodeWebkit)

Erlang, Elixir

• ErlIDE (plugin for Eclipse) http://erlide.org/
• Adobe Brackets (with elixir plugin)

Haskell

• EclipseFP
• Leksah (IDE)
• HEAT (The Haskell Educational Advancement Tool)

Ocaml, SML

• Ocaml-Top
• Enki Editor - support Standard ML, Python, MIT-Scheme

.NET, C#, F#, etc.

• Waf DotNetPad (simple editor for C# and VB.Net)
• SharpDevelop (IDE)
• MonoDevelop / XamarinStudio
• xacc.ide (IDE) https://xacc.wordpress.com/ - support (no longer under development)
• QuickSharp (IDE)
• Visual Studio Code (support C# and more popular languages)
• Ionide (plugin for Atom and VS Code
• Ela language (including IDE) - http://elalang.net/

Go, Rust, D

• LiteIDE - IDE for Go
• PoseidonD - lightweight editor/ide for D https://bitbucket.org/KuanHsu/poseidond (old version at http://www.dsource.org/projects/poseidon )
• coedit - another IDE for D http://bbasile.github.io/Coedit/

Tcl/Tk

• Ezdit - https://code.google.com/p/ezdit/
• ASED Tcl/Tk IDE - http://www.tcl-home.de/ased/asedhome.htm

Lua

• LuaEdit - http://luaedit.sourceforge.net/
• Zero Brain Studio (IDE)
• Geany (with plugin for development macroses to Geany)
• Textadept (it write in Lua)

R , Julia

• RStudio - https://www.rstudio.com/ - Powerfull IDE for R
• Tinn-R - http://sourceforge.net/projects/tinn-r/ - Tinn-R Editor - GUI for R Language and Environment

Lisp/Scheme

• DrRacket (DrScheme) - IDE for Racket (dialect of Scheme)
• LispIDE ( http://www.daansystems.com/lispide/ ) and LispIDE.Net ( https://lispidedotnet.codeplex.com/ )
• Emacs (and clones, e.g. MicroEmacs or nanoEmacs) - support out of the box

others

• WEE (editor for Euphoria language)