install: Add support for --development, installing devDependencies only

[bengl]

This is a re-do of #4791 for v3.x.

The intention here is to have a CLI flag that complements --production. We have several use cases for this, including switching between registries for both sets of dependencies. A test similar to the one for --production is included.

The discussion on #4791 seemed to be all about the naming of the flag, so here are some alternatives, in case --development isn't acceptable:

• --not-production
• --only=[production,development]

[othiym23]

Thanks for doing this! I closed #4791 in favor of this PR.

My objections to the name of the flag have nothing to do with its fitness for purpose (I think naming the flags --production and --development make intuitive sense), but are instead just pointing out that --development already means something for install, and therefore requires a deprecation cycle (see #6200 for my original thoughts on this).

Given that npm i --development currently does something that nobody expects or enjoys, it can probably be a pretty abbreviated deprecation cycle, but we do need to add a deprecation to npm@3 indicating that the behavior of npm install --development is going to change in the next major version, and then release this patch as part of npm@4, which could be relatively soon, as we're moving npm towards a more iterative release process and keep working on keeping our versioning true to the spirit of semver (i.e. not waiting another year before we release npm@4).

If you want to put together a patch that resolves #6200, you'd be pretty much guaranteeing this PR's path to landing. The CLI team will get to it eventually if you don't, but we have a lot of high-priority things contending for our attention right now, so it might take us a little while.

[iarna]

I'm kind of fond of --only={prod[uction]|dev[elopment} – --production has lots of other side effects (eg setting NODE_ENV=production in lifecycle scripts) and it'd be nice to have a version that just impacts the modules being installed.

So I'd favor landing this as --only along with a deprecation to --dev.

But regardless, I think this needs a few more things before we can land it:

1. Documentation updates
2. Integration with npm ls, and maybe npm outdated and npm prune.

[bengl]

Sure, I'm happy to proceed and do a --dev deprecation and clean this up. With a few questions:

1. In cases where --dev currently behaves in ways other than how it does in install (e.g. shrinkwrap, ls, etc.), should --dev also be deprecated in favor of --development, using the existing behavior?
2. Is there a agreement on --only?

I think the way I'd like to go about it is:

• Go with --only.
• install --production operates as before, while install --only=production doesn't set NODE_ENV or other side-effects.
• Add deprecation warning for --dev in all uses, preferring the use of --only=development instead, which would have the following behaviors:
  • For install, use new logic as per this PR.
  • For all other commands, operate as --dev did before.
• Documents!

How does that sound?

[othiym23]

1. In cases where --dev currently behaves in ways other than how it does in install (e.g. shrinkwrap, ls, etc.), should --dev also be deprecated in favor of --development, using the existing behavior?

--dev and --development are synonyms, so we're not trying to deprecate one in favor of the other. The deprecation is of npm install --dev / npm install --development's current unhelpful behavior. The deprecation cycle doesn't have to be super long-lived, but the current behavior is working as intended (but why?).

1. Is there an agreement on --only?

I like @iarna's case for using a switch that's less overloaded, so yes, let's call that a consensus. That also has the nice side effect of decoupling the deprecation of --dev / --development from shipping this feature, because npm install --only=dev / npm install --only=production isn't a backwards-incompatible change.

That said, I agree with @iarna that it would be really good to see the changes to --development and --production flow out into the other commands where they're used right now. We can keep talking about whether we want to reuse the existing switches or move to using --only in those contexts -- shipping just the npm install bits seems like the appropriate level of work to start, and lets you get the piece you really need for your day job sooner.

• install --production operates as before, while install --only=production doesn't set NODE_ENV or other side-effects.

This sounds good, but I think maybe deprecating --production in favor of --only=production in most contexts is a good idea.

• Add deprecation warning for --dev in all uses, preferring the use of --only=development instead, which would have the following behaviors:
  • For install, use new logic as per this PR.
  • For all other commands, operate as --dev did before.

With the caveat that preserving dev and development as interchangeable synonyms is a good thing from an ergonomics point of view, this all sounds good.

• Documents!

Yes, please!

Thanks for picking this up, @bengl!

[bengl]

OK cool, switched it over to --only.

More clarification questions, about specific non-install commands:

1. outdated, updated and shrinkwrap: All use --dev to mean "and also devDependencies". If that's deprecated in favor of --only=dev, that's a bit weird. (prune also shares that meaning, but it seems safer there since it's the default.) Should something like --also={prod[uction]|dev[elopment]} be used for these ones? Or perhaps it makes sense to keep --dev around for these ones?
2. ls: (not a question, just here for completion's sake for commands currently using --dev) This one's easy as --only makes total sense here.

[othiym23]

outdated, updated and shrinkwrap: All use --dev to mean "and also devDependencies". If that's deprecated in favor of --only=dev, that's a bit weird. (prune also shares that meaning, but it seems safer there since it's the default.) Should something like --also={prod[uction]|dev[elopment]} be used for these ones?

I like the idea of --also=dev as a dual to --only=dev. 👍

Or perhaps it makes sense to keep --dev around for these ones?

Why not have both?

[iarna]

I like also as well. I approve of separating these use cases. Things that mean different things should look different.

[bengl]

OK, I went through and added --also and --only wherever it made sense, plus docs, etc.

I only put the deprecation warning for install, because for the others:

"Why not have both?" -- @othiym23

So I think that's it and this is ready. The only failing test on the non-0.8 travis builds appears to be unrelated to my changes.

If I've missed something, or you'd like me to squash commits or something, I'm happy to fix.

[othiym23]

Hey Ben, @iarna is going to take a look at this and we're going to try to get it in shape to land in next week's npm@3 release – should we plan on backporting this to npm@2? Thanks for your patience and all the work you've done so far!

[bengl]

I'm not Ben, I'm Bryan 😄 (no worries, common mistake!).

Excellent news on potentially having it in npm@3.x-next-next! Backporting it to npm@2 would require a different implementation (likely using @davglass's patch), but could probably re-use much of the same config, doc and test changes. If I find some spare time over the next week or so I'll give it a shot.

[othiym23]

Sorry, Bryan! I know who you are! I believe in you! I also believe you exist because I've met you! This is what I get for trying to bang out that comment quickly in the middle of a meeting, while also thinking about my esteemed colleague Ben!

Backporting it to npm@2 would require a different implementation (likely using @davglass's patch), but could probably re-use much of the same config, doc and test changes. If I find some spare time over the next week or so I'll give it a shot.

My actual question is: is this worth the effort? I.e. how long is your esteemed employer going to take to upgrade to npm@3 once it's generally released? We're probably going to support npm@2 for ~6mo-1yr because npm@3 is such a big change (and also to properly support the new Node LTS initiative), but as much as possible, I'd like to restrict changes to npm@2 to bug fixes and keep feature on npm@3. That said, I'm willing to make an exception in this case if it's a big driver for your team and the teams you support.

[bengl]

Haha, again, no worries. My username makes it far too easy.

From my esteemed employer's perspective, I don't think we're too concerned with npm@2, so if you'd like to minimize new features there, I'm all for it 👍 .

[davglass]

👍 only for npm@3

[iarna]

Hey! Good news! This is out and live in 3.3.0!

[bengl]

🎉 thanks!

[jcollum]

I'm reading through this thread and now I'm fairly confused. I don't think this is the right place to put a discussion of how to build/deploy node projects though, so can someone point me to a discussion or a best practices? I'm trying to automate pushing a node library to a local npm via a CI server. Thought that:

1. npm install --dev
2. transpile
3. run the mocha tests
4. npm pack (if tests pass)
5. deploy new lib tgz file to local npm repo

Would do the trick. Should I just be doing npm install instead? But that will install a lot of stuff I don't need to actually run/build the npm module... about 15 deps that are unrelated to the actual building/testing of the module. npm install --dev seems really straightforward (except the part about not working 😄)

Suggestions? (currently using npm 2.11.3, node 0.12.7)