TST: Add test for gh-23276

numpy/f2py/tests/src/crackfortran/data_stmts.f90

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+! gh-23276
+module cmplxdat
+  implicit none
+  integer :: i, j
+  real :: x, y
+  complex(kind=8), target :: medium_ref_index
+
+  data i, j / 2, 3 /
+  data x, y / 1.5, 2.0 /
+  data medium_ref_index / (1.d0, 0.d0) /
+end module cmplxdat

numpy/f2py/tests/test_data.py

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+import os
+import pytest
+import numpy as np
+
+from . import util
+
+
+class TestData(util.F2PyTest):
+    sources = [util.getpath("tests", "src", "crackfortran", "data_stmts.f90")]
+
+    # For gh-23276
+    def test_data_stmts(self):
+        assert self.module.cmplxdat.i == 2
+        assert self.module.cmplxdat.j == 3
+        assert self.module.cmplxdat.x == 1.5
+        assert self.module.cmplxdat.y == 2.0
+        assert self.module.cmplxdat.medium_ref_index == np.array(1.+0.j)