fix(sdk-node): update instrumentations once MeterProvider is initialized

[pichlermarc]

Which problem is this PR solving?

In @opentelemetry/sdk-node instrumentations are registered before the SDK MeterProvider is registered, causing the instrumentations to be left with a NoopMeterProvider, and subsequently NoopMeter and then no-op instruments, which causes all metrics data provided to these instruments to be dropped.

This is only the case for metrics, as the Trace API implements a delegating no-op instead. Once we implement a delegating no-op for the Metrics API (#3622), the workaround proposed by this PR will become obsolete.

Fixes #3609

Short description of the changes

Updates instrumentations once MeterProvider is registered to avoid no-ops being used.

Type of change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Existing tests
• Manual testing with code from Version 0.35.1 of @opentelemetry/sdk-node broke http instrumentation #3609

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3624 (dcb9600) into main (4a4484a) will decrease coverage by 0.71%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

❗ Current head dcb9600 differs from pull request most recent head 1f29c80. Consider uploading reports for the commit 1f29c80 to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3624      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.25%   92.54%   -0.71%     
==========================================
  Files         265      172      -93     
  Lines        7484     3929    -3555     
  Branches     1556      796     -760     
==========================================
- Hits         6979     3636    -3343     
+ Misses        505      293     -212     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
.../packages/api-logs/src/platform/node/globalThis.ts	0.00% <0.00%> (-100.00%)	⬇️
...ckages/opentelemetry-exporter-zipkin/src/zipkin.ts	84.74% <0.00%> (-15.26%)	⬇️
...er-metrics-otlp-http/src/OTLPMetricExporterBase.ts	52.27% <0.00%> (-11.37%)	⬇️
...-trace-base/src/platform/node/RandomIdGenerator.ts	87.50% <0.00%> (-6.25%)	⬇️
...imental/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-node/src/sdk.ts
packages/sdk-metrics/src/view/MeterSelector.ts
...egator/exponential-histogram/mapping/getMapping.ts
...ackages/opentelemetry-shim-opentracing/src/shim.ts
.../packages/otlp-transformer/src/metrics/internal.ts
...y-instrumentation-http/src/enums/AttributeNames.ts
... and 98 more