Fix CI: Bump mypy to 0.982

[xrmx]

Description

Fixes broken mypy runs:

.tox/mypy/lib/python3.10/site-packages/deprecated-stubs/classic.pyi:22:
  error: Positional-only parameters are only supported in Python 3.8 and greater

Example of broken run:
https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/actions/runs/8262935509/job/22603366489?pr=3773

We can bump mypy to newer versions but a lot more errors gets spotted so this is the newest release that works fine with just a couple of updates.

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. Provide instructions so we can reproduce. Please also list any relevant details for your test configuration

• tox -e mypy

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

Answer the following question based on these examples of changes that would require a Contrib Repo Change:

• The OTel specification has changed which prompted this PR to update the method interfaces of opentelemetry-api/ or opentelemetry-sdk/

• The method interfaces of test/util have changed

• Scripts in scripts/ that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed

• Configuration files that were copied over to the Contrib repo have changed (when consistency between repositories is applicable) such as in

  • pyproject.toml
  • isort.cfg
  • .flake8

• When a new .github/CODEOWNER is added

• Major changes to project information, such as in:

  • README.md
  • CONTRIBUTING.md

• Yes. - Link to PR:

• No.

Checklist:

• Followed the style guidelines of this project
• Changelogs have been updated
• Unit tests have been added
• Documentation has been updated

[aabmass]

Thanks!

[aabmass]

Any idea how hard it would be to fix the new typing issues in this PR?