Refactor getter functions

[janosg]

Problem Description

Tranquilo consists of many interchangeable components. Usually a component is a partialled function (provided by the user or loaded from a dictionary of built in functions). Sometimes, not all supported functions have the same signature and the processed function needs to ignore unused arguments.

Solution

Write a get_component function that covers most of our use-cases.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #430 (937587c) into main (0f252a1) will increase coverage by 0.11%.
The diff coverage is 98.47%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #430      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   92.73%   92.84%   +0.11%     
==========================================
  Files         229      231       +2     
  Lines       17522    17590      +68     
==========================================
+ Hits        16249    16332      +83     
+ Misses       1273     1258      -15     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
tests/optimization/tranquilo/test_get_component.py	98.00% <98.00%> (ø)
.../estimagic/optimization/tranquilo/get_component.py	98.36% <98.36%> (ø)
.../estimagic/optimization/tranquilo/filter_points.py	83.14% <100.00%> (+2.71%)	⬆️
src/estimagic/optimization/tranquilo/fit_models.py	84.93% <100.00%> (+2.89%)	⬆️
.../estimagic/optimization/tranquilo/sample_points.py	96.80% <100.00%> (+3.74%)	⬆️
src/estimagic/optimization/tranquilo/tranquilo.py	96.51% <100.00%> (ø)
tests/optimization/tranquilo/test_filter_points.py	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)

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[timmens]

Very nice PR. I like the test cases and their simplicity. It's much better to have this functionality outside the individual modules.

Approved already; I only have one question:

1. Regarding the comments I made in the code: Is the design choice that default_options and mandatory_args have a non-empty intersection deliberate? As a reader, I would've expected that arguments are not options and vice versa.