fix: repel objective on segments causes slow optimization time

[hsharriman]

Description

Using repel to ensure that text labels are a certain distance from a segment causes optimization times of between 10-15 seconds. Based on the discussion in related issue #607, implemented 2 changes:

• Added a constraint closestPtToSeg that ensures a given point is a certain distance away from the nearest point on a given segment. As @hypotext mentions in the issue, this is faster because it does not involve sampling the distance at multiple points of the segment. After implementing this objective, the resample time drops from 10-15 seconds to 2-6 seconds.
• Per @joshpoll suggestions, added a constraint nonDegenerateAngle to push angles to be within a reasonable range (avoid 0 and 180-degree angles). At the moment, this is implemented with a cutoff, so any angles between 10 and 170 degrees have automatically satisfied this objective.

Examples with steps to reproduce them

1. yarn start
2. Run npx roger watch packages/synthesizer/__tests__/congruent.sub packages/synthesizer/__tests__/euclidean.sty packages/synthesizer/__tests__/geometry.dsl from penrose root.

Checklist

• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• My changes generate no new warnings
• New and existing tests pass locally using yarn test
• I ran yarn docs and there were no errors when generating the HTML site
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project (e.g.: no ESLint warnings)

Open questions

This was my first time writing a new constraint, and though everything appears to be working properly I'd definitely appreciate feedback on the implementation.
Questions that require more discussion or to be addressed in future development:

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #613 (0a656f7) into main (ec12a72) will decrease coverage by 0.17%.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #613      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   65.56%   65.38%   -0.18%     
==========================================
  Files          39       39              
  Lines        6615     6633      +18     
  Branches     1274     1278       +4     
==========================================
  Hits         4337     4337              
- Misses       2272     2290      +18     
  Partials        6        6              

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/core/src/contrib/Constraints.ts	51.49% <0.00%> (-2.42%)	⬇️

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[kai-qu]

These changes look fine to me. @joshpoll @wodeni What do you think, is this ready to merge?

[wodeni]

Looking at the code, the changes look good to me. Seems like the perf problem is still there (?), but I think it's good to merge as long as @hypotext and @joshpoll think these functions are better alternatives to repel

[joshpoll]

overall lgtm once this change is incorporated I will approve!

[kai-qu]

Forgot @joshpoll didn't have merge permission. Done now, thanks @hsharriman!