perf: improve performance of Autodiff

[joshsunshine]

Description

Autodiff gradient tests ran during every diagram generation so this PR turns those tests off. This PR also converts the recursive graph traversal into iterative traversals to avoid stack overflows. Finally, this PR combines multiple graph traversals to clear the cache into a single traversal.

Related issue/PR: # (issue/PR)
#652
This issue is not complete, but the simple changes do improve the performance of Autodiff.

Checklist

• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• My changes generate no new warnings
• New and existing tests pass locally using yarn test
• I ran yarn docs and there were no errors when generating the HTML site
• My code follows the style guidelines of this project (e.g.: no ESLint warnings)

Open questions

Questions that require more discussion or to be addressed in future development:

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #796 (3083bc8) into main (b697a80) will decrease coverage by 0.50%.
The diff coverage is 49.60%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #796      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   65.72%   65.22%   -0.51%     
==========================================
  Files          59       59              
  Lines        7980     8040      +60     
  Branches     1405     1413       +8     
==========================================
- Hits         5245     5244       -1     
- Misses       2726     2787      +61     
  Partials        9        9              

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
packages/core/src/types/ad.ts	100.00% <ø> (ø)
packages/core/src/engine/Autodiff.ts	55.00% <44.73%> (-3.00%)	⬇️
packages/core/src/utils/Util.ts	34.48% <90.24%> (+9.18%)	⬆️
packages/core/src/utils/OtherUtils.ts	62.40% <0.00%> (-9.61%)	⬇️

---

Continue to review full report at Codecov.

Legend - Click here to learn more
Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
Powered by Codecov. Last update b697a80...3083bc8. Read the comment docs.

[cloudflare-pages]

Deploying with    Cloudflare Pages

Latest commit:	3083bc8
Status:	✅  Deploy successful!
Preview URL:	https://2a9599c4.penrose-panes.pages.dev

View logs