ddl: handle the error from addBatchDDLJobs() correctly (#30401)

[ti-srebot]

cherry-pick #30401 to release-5.0
You can switch your code base to this Pull Request by using git-extras:

# In tidb repo:
git pr https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/30761

After apply modifications, you can push your change to this PR via:

git push git@github.com:ti-srebot/tidb.git pr/30761:release-5.0-464db6b5370b

---

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #30400

What is changed and how it works?

Handle the error from addBatchDDLJob() correctly.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Fix an issue that DDL progress can be blocked due to high concurrency.

[ti-chi-bot]

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[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-srebot: This cherry pick PR is for a release branch and has not yet been approved by release team.
Adding the do-not-merge/cherry-pick-not-approved label.

To merge this cherry pick, it must first be approved by the collaborators.

AFTER it has been approved by collaborators, please ping the release team in a comment to request a cherry pick review.

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[ti-srebot]

/run-all-tests

[ti-srebot]

@tangenta you're already a collaborator in bot's repo.

[tangenta]

Close, as the bug is rarely encountered. There is no need to cherry-pick.