ddl: add foreign key check when modify column

[crazycs520]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #37821

Problem Summary: add foreign key check when modify column

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• hawkingrei
• lcwangchao

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[crazycs520]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: 721af15

[sre-bot]

TiDB MergeCI notify

🔴 Bad News! [2] CI still failing after this pr merged.
These failed integration tests don't seem to be introduced by the current PR.

CI Name	Result	Duration	Compare with Parent commit
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/common-test	🔴 failed 1, success 10, total 11	52 min	Existing failure
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-ddl-test	🔴 failed 1, success 5, total 6	24 min	Existing failure
idc-jenkins-ci/integration-cdc-test	🟢 all 37 tests passed	28 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-common-test	🟢 all 17 tests passed	9 min 20 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/tics-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	5 min 22 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-2	🟢 all 28 tests passed	5 min 5 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-1	🟢 all 26 tests passed	3 min 58 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/mybatis-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	3 min 2 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-compatibility-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	2 min 21 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/plugin-test	🟢 build success, plugin test success	4min	Existing passed