planner: show operator cost formulas under 'explain format=true_card_cost'

[qw4990]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: ref #36243

Problem Summary: planner: show operator cost formulas under 'explain format=true_card_cost'

What is changed and how it works?

Show operator cost formulas under 'explain format=true_card_cost', which can help understand how the optimizer calculates the plan costs.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

[ti-chi-bot]

[REVIEW NOTIFICATION]

This pull request has been approved by:

• Reminiscent
• Yisaer

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[Reminiscent]

/merge

[ti-chi-bot]

This pull request has been accepted and is ready to merge.

Commit hash: d3a40b7

[qw4990]

/run-mysql-test

[qw4990]

/run-mysql-test

[sre-bot]

TiDB MergeCI notify

🔴 Bad News! New failing [1] after this pr merged.
These new failed integration tests seem to be caused by the current PR, please try to fix these new failed integration tests, thanks!

CI Name	Result	Duration	Compare with Parent commit
idc-jenkins-ci/integration-cdc-test	🟥 failed 1, success 36, total 37	27 min	New failing
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-ddl-test	✅ all 6 tests passed	29 min	Fixed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-common-test	🟢 all 17 tests passed	14 min	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/common-test	🟢 all 11 tests passed	9 min 50 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/tics-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	6 min 24 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-2	🟢 all 28 tests passed	6 min 19 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/sqllogic-test-1	🟢 all 26 tests passed	5 min 51 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/integration-compatibility-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	3 min 21 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/mybatis-test	🟢 all 1 tests passed	2 min 55 sec	Existing passed
idc-jenkins-ci-tidb/plugin-test	🟢 build success, plugin test success	4min	Existing passed