infoschema: fix regression on select table_rows from information_schema.tables for partition table

[ywqzzy]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #51942

Problem Summary:
In #50874 we update the updating logic of stat cache.
We only update stat cache in 2 scenes:

1. per 3 seconds when running selection on information_schema.tables
2. when accessing the actual table when running selection on information_schema.tables, update cache by table id.

But the updating logic 2 didn't table partitions for partition table into consideration.
We should update each partitions when getting the table_rows for partition table.

What changed and how does it work?

Update stat cache for all partitions of partition table

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #51980 (1ca60d5) into master (e03da4d) will decrease coverage by 17.4694%.
Report is 7 commits behind head on master.
The diff coverage is 50.0000%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #51980         +/-   ##
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- Coverage   72.4625%   54.9931%   -17.4694%     
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  Files          1478       1592        +114     
  Lines        365027     612905     +247878     
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+ Hits         264508     337056      +72548     
- Misses        81022     252569     +171547     
- Partials      19497      23280       +3783     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	36.8582% <50.0000%> (?)
unit	70.7067% <50.0000%> (-1.6447%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9957% <ø> (-2.3014%)	⬇️
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	51.5305% <ø> (+5.1588%)	⬆️

[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-03-21 07:34:05.1754742 +0000 UTC m=+1534872.197720584: ☑️ agreed by hawkingrei.
• 2024-03-21 07:41:04.331677915 +0000 UTC m=+1535291.353924302: ☑️ agreed by lance6716.

[lance6716]

/hold

new comments arrived

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: hawkingrei, lance6716, tangenta

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[tangenta]

/unhold

[ywqzzy]

/unhold

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.0: #51992.