fix: Finish adding typed_lit to help schema determination in SQL "extract" func

[alexander-beedie]

@ritchie46: here you go ;)

(Otherwise it seems the dt.second op can overflow int8 during scaling and wrap around to odd values; not immediately obvious why it decided to do this now vs earlier, but the solution is straightforward).

[ritchie46]

Thanks!

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 81.33%. Comparing base (f0dbb6a) to head (dee9355).

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #15955      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   81.29%   81.33%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files        1381     1381              
  Lines      176876   176876              
  Branches     3043     3043              
==========================================
+ Hits       143789   143860      +71     
+ Misses      32604    32532      -72     
- Partials      483      484       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	74.78% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️
rust	78.45% <100.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

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