Issue 247 dfn as odes

[valentinsulzer]

Description

Implement ODE formulation of the DFN

Fixes #247

Type of change

Please add a line in the relevant section of CHANGELOG.md to document the change (include PR #) - note reverse order of PR #s. If necessary, also add to the list of breaking changes.

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Optimization (back-end change that speeds up the code)
• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)

Key checklist:

• No style issues: $ flake8
• All tests pass: $ python run-tests.py --unit
• The documentation builds: $ cd docs and then $ make clean; make html

You can run all three at once, using $ python run-tests.py --quick.

Further checks:

• Code is commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Tests added that prove fix is effective or that feature works

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (master@36aa13b). Click here to learn what that means.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master     #842   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage          ?   98.28%           
=========================================
  Files             ?      180           
  Lines             ?    10518           
  Branches          ?        0           
=========================================
  Hits              ?    10338           
  Misses            ?      180           
  Partials          ?        0

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pybamm/solvers/idaklu_solver.py	89.21% <ø> (ø)
pybamm/solvers/casadi_solver.py	100% <ø> (ø)
pybamm/solvers/scikits_dae_solver.py	98.07% <ø> (ø)
pybamm/parameters/print_parameters.py	96.96% <ø> (ø)
pybamm/solvers/base_solver.py	99.42% <100%> (ø)
...odels/full_battery_models/lithium_ion/basic_spm.py	100% <100%> (ø)
...odels/full_battery_models/lithium_ion/basic_dfn.py	100% <100%> (ø)
...bamm/parameters/standard_parameters_lithium_ion.py	100% <100%> (ø)

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[Scottmar93]

Looks good 👍