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common_gates_test.py
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common_gates_test.py
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# Copyright 2018 The Cirq Developers
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
import numpy as np
import pytest
import sympy
import cirq
from cirq.protocols.act_on_protocol_test import ExampleSimulationState
H = np.array([[1, 1], [1, -1]]) * np.sqrt(0.5)
HH = cirq.kron(H, H)
QFT2 = np.array([[1, 1, 1, 1], [1, 1j, -1, -1j], [1, -1, 1, -1], [1, -1j, -1, 1j]]) * 0.5
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'eigen_gate_type', [cirq.CZPowGate, cirq.XPowGate, cirq.YPowGate, cirq.ZPowGate]
)
def test_phase_insensitive_eigen_gates_consistent_protocols(eigen_gate_type):
cirq.testing.assert_eigengate_implements_consistent_protocols(eigen_gate_type)
@pytest.mark.parametrize('eigen_gate_type', [cirq.CNotPowGate, cirq.HPowGate])
def test_phase_sensitive_eigen_gates_consistent_protocols(eigen_gate_type):
cirq.testing.assert_eigengate_implements_consistent_protocols(eigen_gate_type)
def test_cz_init():
assert cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=0.5).exponent == 0.5
assert cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=5).exponent == 5
assert (cirq.CZ**0.5).exponent == 0.5
@pytest.mark.parametrize('theta,pi', [(0.4, np.pi), (sympy.Symbol("theta"), sympy.pi)])
def test_transformations(theta, pi):
initialRx = cirq.rx(theta)
expectedPowx = cirq.X ** (theta / pi)
receivedPowx = initialRx.with_canonical_global_phase()
backToRx = receivedPowx.in_su2()
assert receivedPowx == expectedPowx
assert backToRx == initialRx
initialRy = cirq.ry(theta)
expectedPowy = cirq.Y ** (theta / pi)
receivedPowy = initialRy.with_canonical_global_phase()
backToRy = receivedPowy.in_su2()
assert receivedPowy == expectedPowy
assert backToRy == initialRy
initialRz = cirq.rz(theta)
expectedPowz = cirq.Z ** (theta / pi)
receivedPowz = initialRz.with_canonical_global_phase()
backToRz = receivedPowz.in_su2()
assert receivedPowz == expectedPowz
assert backToRz == initialRz
def test_cz_str():
assert str(cirq.CZ) == 'CZ'
assert str(cirq.CZ**0.5) == 'CZ**0.5'
assert str(cirq.CZ**-0.25) == 'CZ**-0.25'
def test_cz_repr():
assert repr(cirq.CZ) == 'cirq.CZ'
assert repr(cirq.CZ**0.5) == '(cirq.CZ**0.5)'
assert repr(cirq.CZ**-0.25) == '(cirq.CZ**-0.25)'
def test_cz_unitary():
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.CZ), np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, -1]])
)
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.CZ**0.5),
np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1j]]),
)
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.CZ**0), np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1]])
)
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.CZ**-0.5),
np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1, 0], [0, 0, 0, -1j]]),
)
def test_z_init():
z = cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=5)
assert z.exponent == 5
# Canonicalizes exponent for equality, but keeps the inner details.
assert cirq.Z**0.5 != cirq.Z**-0.5
assert (cirq.Z**-1) ** 0.5 == cirq.Z**-0.5
assert cirq.Z**-1 == cirq.Z
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'input_gate, specialized_output',
[
(cirq.Z, cirq.CZ),
(cirq.CZ, cirq.CCZ),
(cirq.X, cirq.CX),
(cirq.CX, cirq.CCX),
(cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
(cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CCZPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
(cirq.XPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CXPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
(cirq.CXPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CCXPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
],
)
def test_specialized_control(input_gate, specialized_output):
# Single qubit control on the input gate gives the specialized output
assert input_gate.controlled() == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(num_controls=1) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_values=((1,),)) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_values=cirq.SumOfProducts([[1]])) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(2,)) == specialized_output
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(specialized_output),
cirq.unitary(cirq.ControlledGate(input_gate, num_controls=1)),
)
# For multi-qudit controls, if the last control is a qubit with control
# value 1, construct the specialized output leaving the rest of the
# controls as they are.
assert input_gate.controlled().controlled() == specialized_output.controlled(num_controls=1)
assert input_gate.controlled(num_controls=2) == specialized_output.controlled(num_controls=1)
assert input_gate.controlled(
control_values=((0,), (0,), (1,))
) == specialized_output.controlled(num_controls=2, control_values=((0,), (0,)))
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(3, 3, 2)) == specialized_output.controlled(
num_controls=2, control_qid_shape=(3, 3)
)
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(2,)).controlled(
control_qid_shape=(3,)
).controlled(control_qid_shape=(4,)) != specialized_output.controlled(
num_controls=2, control_qid_shape=(3, 4)
)
# When a control_value 1 qubit is not acting first, results in a regular
# ControlledGate on the input gate instance.
assert input_gate.controlled(num_controls=1, control_qid_shape=(3,)) == cirq.ControlledGate(
input_gate, num_controls=1, control_qid_shape=(3,)
)
assert input_gate.controlled(control_values=((0,), (1,), (0,))) == cirq.ControlledGate(
input_gate, num_controls=3, control_values=((0,), (1,), (0,))
)
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(3, 2, 3)) == cirq.ControlledGate(
input_gate, num_controls=3, control_qid_shape=(3, 2, 3)
)
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(3,)).controlled(
control_qid_shape=(2,)
).controlled(control_qid_shape=(4,)) != cirq.ControlledGate(
input_gate, num_controls=3, control_qid_shape=(3, 2, 4)
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'input_gate, specialized_output',
[
(cirq.Z, cirq.CCZ),
(cirq.X, cirq.CCX),
(cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CCZPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
(cirq.XPowGate(exponent=0.5), cirq.CCXPowGate(exponent=0.5)),
],
)
def test_specialized_control_two_step(input_gate, specialized_output):
# Two-qubit control on the input gate gives the specialized output
assert input_gate.controlled().controlled() == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(num_controls=2) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_values=[1, 1]) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_values=cirq.SumOfProducts([[1, 1]])) == specialized_output
assert input_gate.controlled(control_qid_shape=(2, 2)) == specialized_output
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(specialized_output),
cirq.unitary(cirq.ControlledGate(input_gate, num_controls=2)),
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'gate, specialized_type',
[
(cirq.ZPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=0.5), cirq.CZPowGate),
(cirq.CZPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=0.5), cirq.CCZPowGate),
(cirq.XPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=0.5), cirq.CXPowGate),
(cirq.CXPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=0.5), cirq.CCXPowGate),
],
)
def test_no_specialized_control_for_global_shift_non_zero(gate, specialized_type):
assert not isinstance(gate.controlled(), specialized_type)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'gate, matrix',
[
(cirq.ZPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=1), np.diag([1, 1, -1j, 1j])),
(cirq.CZPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=1), np.diag([1, 1, 1, 1, -1j, -1j, -1j, 1j])),
(
cirq.XPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=1),
np.block(
[[np.eye(2), np.zeros((2, 2))], [np.zeros((2, 2)), np.array([[0, -1j], [-1j, 0]])]]
),
),
(
cirq.CXPowGate(global_shift=-0.5, exponent=1),
np.block(
[
[np.diag([1, 1, 1, 1, -1j, -1j]), np.zeros((6, 2))],
[np.zeros((2, 6)), np.array([[0, -1j], [-1j, 0]])],
]
),
),
],
)
def test_global_phase_controlled_gate(gate, matrix):
np.testing.assert_equal(cirq.unitary(gate.controlled()), matrix)
def test_rot_gates_eq():
eq = cirq.testing.EqualsTester()
gates = [
lambda p: cirq.CZ**p,
lambda p: cirq.X**p,
lambda p: cirq.Y**p,
lambda p: cirq.Z**p,
lambda p: cirq.CNOT**p,
]
for gate in gates:
eq.add_equality_group(gate(3.5), gate(-0.5))
eq.make_equality_group(lambda: gate(0))
eq.make_equality_group(lambda: gate(0.5))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.XPowGate(), cirq.XPowGate(exponent=1), cirq.X)
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.YPowGate(), cirq.YPowGate(exponent=1), cirq.Y)
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.ZPowGate(), cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=1), cirq.Z)
eq.add_equality_group(
cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=1, global_shift=-0.5), cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=5, global_shift=-0.5)
)
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=3, global_shift=-0.5))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=1, global_shift=-0.1))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=5, global_shift=-0.1))
eq.add_equality_group(
cirq.CNotPowGate(), cirq.CXPowGate(), cirq.CNotPowGate(exponent=1), cirq.CNOT
)
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CZPowGate(), cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=1), cirq.CZ)
def test_z_unitary():
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Z), np.array([[1, 0], [0, -1]]))
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Z**0.5), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1j]]))
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Z**0), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Z**-0.5), np.array([[1, 0], [0, -1j]]))
def test_y_unitary():
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Y), np.array([[0, -1j], [1j, 0]]))
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.Y**0.5), np.array([[1 + 1j, -1 - 1j], [1 + 1j, 1 + 1j]]) / 2
)
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.Y**0), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.Y**-0.5), np.array([[1 - 1j, 1 - 1j], [-1 + 1j, 1 - 1j]]) / 2
)
def test_x_unitary():
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.X), np.array([[0, 1], [1, 0]]))
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.X**0.5), np.array([[1 + 1j, 1 - 1j], [1 - 1j, 1 + 1j]]) / 2
)
assert np.allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.X**0), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
assert np.allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.X**-0.5), np.array([[1 - 1j, 1 + 1j], [1 + 1j, 1 - 1j]]) / 2
)
def test_h_unitary():
sqrt = cirq.unitary(cirq.H**0.5)
m = np.dot(sqrt, sqrt)
assert np.allclose(m, cirq.unitary(cirq.H), atol=1e-8)
def test_h_init():
h = cirq.HPowGate(exponent=0.5)
assert h.exponent == 0.5
def test_h_str():
assert str(cirq.H) == 'H'
assert str(cirq.H**0.5) == 'H**0.5'
def test_x_act_on_tableau():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.X, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
original_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
flipped_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=23)
state = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=original_tableau.copy(),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(5),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.X, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**2, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.X**foo, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
class iZGate(cirq.testing.SingleQubitGate):
"""Equivalent to an iZ gate without _act_on_ defined on it."""
def _unitary_(self):
return np.array([[1j, 0], [0, -1j]])
class MinusOnePhaseGate(cirq.testing.SingleQubitGate):
"""Equivalent to a -1 global phase without _act_on_ defined on it."""
def _unitary_(self):
return np.array([[-1, 0], [0, -1]])
def test_y_act_on_tableau():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
original_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
flipped_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=23)
state = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=original_tableau.copy(),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(5),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(iZGate(), state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(iZGate(), state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=True)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(iZGate(), state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**2, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.Y**foo, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
def test_z_h_act_on_tableau():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
original_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
flipped_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=23)
state = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=original_tableau.copy(),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(5),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**0.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**3.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**2, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.H**2, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == flipped_tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.Z**foo, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.H**foo, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.H**1.5, state, [cirq.LineQubit(1)])
def test_cx_act_on_tableau():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
original_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
state = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=original_tableau.copy(),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(5),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau.stabilizers() == [
cirq.DensePauliString('ZIIII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('ZZIII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIZII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIZI', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIIZ', coefficient=-1),
]
assert state.tableau.destabilizers() == [
cirq.DensePauliString('XXIII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IXIII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIXII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIXI', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIIX', coefficient=1),
]
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX**4, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX**foo, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2))
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CX**1.5, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2))
def test_cz_act_on_tableau():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ, ExampleSimulationState(), qubits=())
original_tableau = cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
state = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=original_tableau.copy(),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(5),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau.stabilizers() == [
cirq.DensePauliString('ZIIII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IZIII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIZII', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIZI', coefficient=-1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIIZ', coefficient=-1),
]
assert state.tableau.destabilizers() == [
cirq.DensePauliString('XZIII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('ZXIII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIXII', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIXI', coefficient=1),
cirq.DensePauliString('IIIIX', coefficient=1),
]
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ**4, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state.log_of_measurement_results == {}
assert state.tableau == original_tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ**foo, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2))
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ**1.5, state, cirq.LineQubit.range(2))
def test_cz_act_on_equivalent_to_h_cx_h_tableau():
state1 = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=2),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(2),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
state2 = cirq.CliffordTableauSimulationState(
tableau=cirq.CliffordTableau(num_qubits=2),
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(2),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
)
cirq.act_on(cirq.S, sim_state=state1, qubits=[cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.S, sim_state=state2, qubits=[cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
# state1 uses H*CNOT*H
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, sim_state=state1, qubits=[cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.CNOT, sim_state=state1, qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
cirq.act_on(cirq.H, sim_state=state1, qubits=[cirq.LineQubit(1)], allow_decompose=False)
# state2 uses CZ
cirq.act_on(cirq.CZ, sim_state=state2, qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(2), allow_decompose=False)
assert state1.tableau == state2.tableau
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'input_gate_sequence, outcome',
[
([cirq.X**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.X**0.25], 'Error'),
([cirq.X**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.X**0.5, cirq.X**0.5], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.X], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.X**3.5, cirq.X**3.5], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.Y**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.Y**0.25], 'Error'),
([cirq.Y**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.Y**0.5, cirq.Y**0.5, iZGate()], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.Y, iZGate()], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.Y**3.5, cirq.Y**3.5, iZGate()], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.Z**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.H**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.H**1.5], 'Error'),
([cirq.Z**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.H**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.H, cirq.S, cirq.S, cirq.H], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.H, cirq.Z, cirq.H], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.H, cirq.Z**3.5, cirq.Z**3.5, cirq.H], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.CX**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.CX**1.5], 'Error'),
([cirq.CX**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.CX], 'Flipped'),
([cirq.CZ**foo], 'Error'),
([cirq.CZ**1.5], 'Error'),
([cirq.CZ**4], 'Original'),
([cirq.CZ, MinusOnePhaseGate()], 'Original'),
],
)
def test_act_on_ch_form(input_gate_sequence, outcome):
original_state = cirq.StabilizerStateChForm(num_qubits=5, initial_state=31)
num_qubits = cirq.num_qubits(input_gate_sequence[0])
if num_qubits == 1:
qubits = [cirq.LineQubit(1)]
else:
assert num_qubits == 2
qubits = cirq.LineQubit.range(2)
state = cirq.StabilizerChFormSimulationState(
qubits=cirq.LineQubit.range(2),
prng=np.random.RandomState(),
initial_state=original_state.copy(),
)
flipped_state = cirq.StabilizerStateChForm(num_qubits=5, initial_state=23)
if outcome == 'Error':
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Failed to act action on state"):
for input_gate in input_gate_sequence:
cirq.act_on(input_gate, state, qubits)
return
for input_gate in input_gate_sequence:
cirq.act_on(input_gate, state, qubits)
if outcome == 'Original':
np.testing.assert_allclose(state.state.state_vector(), original_state.state_vector())
if outcome == 'Flipped':
np.testing.assert_allclose(state.state.state_vector(), flipped_state.state_vector())
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'input_gate, assert_implemented',
[
(cirq.X, True),
(cirq.Y, True),
(cirq.Z, True),
(cirq.X**0.5, True),
(cirq.Y**0.5, True),
(cirq.Z**0.5, True),
(cirq.X**3.5, True),
(cirq.Y**3.5, True),
(cirq.Z**3.5, True),
(cirq.X**4, True),
(cirq.Y**4, True),
(cirq.Z**4, True),
(cirq.H, True),
(cirq.CX, True),
(cirq.CZ, True),
(cirq.H**4, True),
(cirq.CX**4, True),
(cirq.CZ**4, True),
# Unsupported gates should not fail too.
(cirq.X**0.25, False),
(cirq.Y**0.25, False),
(cirq.Z**0.25, False),
(cirq.H**0.5, False),
(cirq.CX**0.5, False),
(cirq.CZ**0.5, False),
],
)
def test_act_on_consistency(input_gate, assert_implemented):
cirq.testing.assert_all_implemented_act_on_effects_match_unitary(
input_gate, assert_implemented, assert_implemented
)
def test_runtime_types_of_rot_gates():
for gate_type in [
lambda p: cirq.CZPowGate(exponent=p),
lambda p: cirq.XPowGate(exponent=p),
lambda p: cirq.YPowGate(exponent=p),
lambda p: cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=p),
]:
p = gate_type(sympy.Symbol('a'))
assert cirq.unitary(p, None) is None
assert cirq.pow(p, 2, None) == gate_type(2 * sympy.Symbol('a'))
assert cirq.inverse(p, None) == gate_type(-sympy.Symbol('a'))
c = gate_type(0.5)
assert cirq.unitary(c, None) is not None
assert cirq.pow(c, 2) == gate_type(1)
assert cirq.inverse(c) == gate_type(-0.5)
def test_interchangeable_qubit_eq():
a = cirq.NamedQubit('a')
b = cirq.NamedQubit('b')
c = cirq.NamedQubit('c')
eq = cirq.testing.EqualsTester()
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CZ(a, b), cirq.CZ(b, a))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CZ(a, c))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CNOT(a, b))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CNOT(b, a))
eq.add_equality_group(cirq.CNOT(a, c))
def test_identity_multiplication():
a, b, c = cirq.LineQubit.range(3)
assert cirq.I(a) * cirq.CX(a, b) == cirq.CX(a, b)
assert cirq.CX(a, b) * cirq.I(a) == cirq.CX(a, b)
assert cirq.CZ(a, b) * cirq.I(c) == cirq.CZ(a, b)
assert cirq.CX(a, b) ** 0.5 * cirq.I(c) == cirq.CX(a, b) ** 0.5
assert cirq.I(c) * cirq.CZ(b, c) ** 0.5 == cirq.CZ(b, c) ** 0.5
assert cirq.T(a) * cirq.I(a) == cirq.T(a)
assert cirq.T(b) * cirq.I(c) == cirq.T(b)
assert cirq.T(a) ** 0.25 * cirq.I(c) == cirq.T(a) ** 0.25
assert cirq.I(c) * cirq.T(b) ** 0.25 == cirq.T(b) ** 0.25
def test_text_diagrams():
a = cirq.NamedQubit('a')
b = cirq.NamedQubit('b')
circuit = cirq.Circuit(
cirq.X(a),
cirq.Y(a),
cirq.Z(a),
cirq.Z(a) ** sympy.Symbol('x'),
cirq.rx(sympy.Symbol('x')).on(a),
cirq.CZ(a, b),
cirq.CNOT(a, b),
cirq.CNOT(b, a),
cirq.CNOT(a, b) ** 0.5,
cirq.CNOT(b, a) ** 0.5,
cirq.H(a) ** 0.5,
cirq.I(a),
cirq.IdentityGate(2)(a, b),
cirq.cphase(sympy.pi * sympy.Symbol('t')).on(a, b),
)
cirq.testing.assert_has_diagram(
circuit,
"""
a: ───X───Y───Z───Z^x───Rx(x)───@───@───X───@───────X^0.5───H^0.5───I───I───@─────
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
b: ─────────────────────────────@───X───@───X^0.5───@───────────────────I───@^t───
""",
)
cirq.testing.assert_has_diagram(
circuit,
"""
a: ---X---Y---Z---Z^x---Rx(x)---@---@---X---@-------X^0.5---H^0.5---I---I---@-----
| | | | | | |
b: -----------------------------@---X---@---X^0.5---@-------------------I---@^t---
""",
use_unicode_characters=False,
)
def test_cnot_unitary():
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(
cirq.unitary(cirq.CNOT**0.5),
np.array(
[
[1, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0.5 + 0.5j, 0.5 - 0.5j],
[0, 0, 0.5 - 0.5j, 0.5 + 0.5j],
]
),
)
def test_cnot_decompose():
a = cirq.NamedQubit('a')
b = cirq.NamedQubit('b')
assert cirq.decompose_once(cirq.CNOT(a, b) ** sympy.Symbol('x')) is not None
def test_repr():
assert repr(cirq.X) == 'cirq.X'
assert repr(cirq.X**0.5) == '(cirq.X**0.5)'
assert repr(cirq.Z) == 'cirq.Z'
assert repr(cirq.Z**0.5) == 'cirq.S'
assert repr(cirq.Z**0.25) == 'cirq.T'
assert repr(cirq.Z**0.125) == '(cirq.Z**0.125)'
assert repr(cirq.S) == 'cirq.S'
assert repr(cirq.S**-1) == '(cirq.S**-1)'
assert repr(cirq.T) == 'cirq.T'
assert repr(cirq.T**-1) == '(cirq.T**-1)'
assert repr(cirq.Y) == 'cirq.Y'
assert repr(cirq.Y**0.5) == '(cirq.Y**0.5)'
assert repr(cirq.CNOT) == 'cirq.CNOT'
assert repr(cirq.CNOT**0.5) == '(cirq.CNOT**0.5)'
cirq.testing.assert_equivalent_repr(
cirq.X ** (sympy.Symbol('a') / 2 - sympy.Symbol('c') * 3 + 5)
)
cirq.testing.assert_equivalent_repr(cirq.Rx(rads=sympy.Symbol('theta')))
cirq.testing.assert_equivalent_repr(cirq.Ry(rads=sympy.Symbol('theta')))
cirq.testing.assert_equivalent_repr(cirq.Rz(rads=sympy.Symbol('theta')))
# There should be no floating point error during initialization, and repr
# should be using the "shortest decimal value closer to X than any other
# floating point value" strategy, as opposed to the "exactly value in
# decimal" strategy.
assert repr(cirq.CZ**0.2) == '(cirq.CZ**0.2)'
def test_str():
assert str(cirq.X) == 'X'
assert str(cirq.X**0.5) == 'X**0.5'
assert str(cirq.rx(np.pi)) == 'Rx(π)'
assert str(cirq.rx(0.5 * np.pi)) == 'Rx(0.5π)'
assert str(cirq.XPowGate(global_shift=-0.25)) == 'XPowGate(exponent=1.0, global_shift=-0.25)'
assert str(cirq.Z) == 'Z'
assert str(cirq.Z**0.5) == 'S'
assert str(cirq.Z**0.125) == 'Z**0.125'
assert str(cirq.rz(np.pi)) == 'Rz(π)'
assert str(cirq.rz(1.4 * np.pi)) == 'Rz(1.4π)'
assert str(cirq.ZPowGate(global_shift=0.25)) == 'ZPowGate(exponent=1.0, global_shift=0.25)'
assert str(cirq.S) == 'S'
assert str(cirq.S**-1) == 'S**-1'
assert str(cirq.T) == 'T'
assert str(cirq.T**-1) == 'T**-1'
assert str(cirq.Y) == 'Y'
assert str(cirq.Y**0.5) == 'Y**0.5'
assert str(cirq.ry(np.pi)) == 'Ry(π)'
assert str(cirq.ry(3.14 * np.pi)) == 'Ry(3.14π)'
assert (
str(cirq.YPowGate(exponent=2, global_shift=-0.25))
== 'YPowGate(exponent=2, global_shift=-0.25)'
)
assert str(cirq.CX) == 'CNOT'
assert str(cirq.CNOT**0.5) == 'CNOT**0.5'
assert str(cirq.CZ) == 'CZ'
assert str(cirq.CZ**0.5) == 'CZ**0.5'
assert str(cirq.cphase(np.pi)) == 'CZ'
assert str(cirq.cphase(np.pi / 2)) == 'CZ**0.5'
def test_rx_unitary():
s = np.sqrt(0.5)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s, -s * 1j], [-s * 1j, s]])
)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(-np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s, s * 1j], [s * 1j, s]])
)
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(0)), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(2 * np.pi)), np.array([[-1, 0], [0, -1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(np.pi)), np.array([[0, -1j], [-1j, 0]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rx(-np.pi)), np.array([[0, 1j], [1j, 0]]))
def test_ry_unitary():
s = np.sqrt(0.5)
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s, -s], [s, s]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(-np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s, s], [-s, s]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(0)), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(2 * np.pi)), np.array([[-1, 0], [0, -1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(np.pi)), np.array([[0, -1], [1, 0]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.ry(-np.pi)), np.array([[0, 1], [-1, 0]]))
def test_rz_unitary():
s = np.sqrt(0.5)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s - s * 1j, 0], [0, s + s * 1j]])
)
np.testing.assert_allclose(
cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(-np.pi / 2)), np.array([[s + s * 1j, 0], [0, s - s * 1j]])
)
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(0)), np.array([[1, 0], [0, 1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(2 * np.pi)), np.array([[-1, 0], [0, -1]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(np.pi)), np.array([[-1j, 0], [0, 1j]]))
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.rz(-np.pi)), np.array([[1j, 0], [0, -1j]]))
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'angle_rads, expected_unitary',
[(0, np.eye(4)), (1, np.diag([1, 1, 1, np.exp(1j)])), (np.pi / 2, np.diag([1, 1, 1, 1j]))],
)
def test_cphase_unitary(angle_rads, expected_unitary):
np.testing.assert_allclose(cirq.unitary(cirq.cphase(angle_rads)), expected_unitary)
def test_parameterized_cphase():
assert cirq.cphase(sympy.pi) == cirq.CZ
assert cirq.cphase(sympy.pi / 2) == cirq.CZ**0.5
@pytest.mark.parametrize('gate', [cirq.X, cirq.Y, cirq.Z])
def test_x_y_z_stabilizer(gate):
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**-0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**4)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**1.2)
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**foo)
def test_h_stabilizer():
gate = cirq.H
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**-0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**4)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**1.2)
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**foo)
@pytest.mark.parametrize('gate', [cirq.CX, cirq.CZ])
def test_cx_cz_stabilizer(gate):
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**0)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**-0.5)
assert cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**4)
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**1.2)
foo = sympy.Symbol('foo')
assert not cirq.has_stabilizer_effect(gate**foo)
def test_phase_by_xy():
assert cirq.phase_by(cirq.X, 0.25, 0) == cirq.Y
assert cirq.phase_by(cirq.X**0.5, 0.25, 0) == cirq.Y**0.5
assert cirq.phase_by(cirq.X**-0.5, 0.25, 0) == cirq.Y**-0.5
def test_ixyz_circuit_diagram():
q = cirq.NamedQubit('q')
ix = cirq.XPowGate(exponent=1, global_shift=0.5)
iy = cirq.YPowGate(exponent=1, global_shift=0.5)
iz = cirq.ZPowGate(exponent=1, global_shift=0.5)
cirq.testing.assert_has_diagram(
cirq.Circuit(
ix(q),
ix(q) ** -1,
ix(q) ** -0.99999,
ix(q) ** -1.00001,
ix(q) ** 3,
ix(q) ** 4.5,
ix(q) ** 4.500001,
),
"""
q: ───X───X───X───X───X───X^0.5───X^0.5───
""",
)
cirq.testing.assert_has_diagram(
cirq.Circuit(iy(q), iy(q) ** -1, iy(q) ** 3, iy(q) ** 4.5, iy(q) ** 4.500001),
"""
q: ───Y───Y───Y───Y^0.5───Y^0.5───
""",
)
cirq.testing.assert_has_diagram(
cirq.Circuit(iz(q), iz(q) ** -1, iz(q) ** 3, iz(q) ** 4.5, iz(q) ** 4.500001),
"""
q: ───Z───Z───Z───S───S───
""",
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
'theta,exp',
[
(sympy.Symbol("theta"), 1 / 2),
(np.pi / 2, 1 / 2),
(np.pi / 2, sympy.Symbol("exp")),
(sympy.Symbol("theta"), sympy.Symbol("exp")),
],
)
def test_rxyz_exponent(theta, exp):
def resolve(gate):
return cirq.resolve_parameters(gate, {'theta': np.pi / 4}, {'exp': 1 / 4})
assert resolve(cirq.Rx(rads=theta) ** exp) == resolve(cirq.Rx(rads=theta * exp))
assert resolve(cirq.Ry(rads=theta) ** exp) == resolve(cirq.Ry(rads=theta * exp))
assert resolve(cirq.Rz(rads=theta) ** exp) == resolve(cirq.Rz(rads=theta * exp))