Fix failing tests

Currently CI is broken due to 56a61e0 and c4cb686. This occurred because
the failures are not present on SQLite which is what I normally run
locally before pushing.

The optimizations to our YAML size were dropping mutations, as
`with_type` didn't set the previous value if it'd already been read
(that method was never really designed to be used with values on
individual objects, it was previously only used for defaults). I'm
questioning whether there's a better place to be handling the exclusion
of the type, but this will fix the failing build.

Additionally, there was a bug in `remove_foreign_key` if you passed it
an options hash containing `to_table`. This now occurs whenever removing
a reference, as we always normalize to a hash.

[Sean Griffin & Ryuta Kamizono]

activerecord/lib/active_record/attribute.rb

@@ -77,7 +77,11 @@ def with_cast_value(value)
     end
 
     def with_type(type)
-      self.class.new(name, value_before_type_cast, type, original_attribute)
+      if changed_in_place?
+        with_value_from_user(value).with_type(type)
+      else
+        self.class.new(name, value_before_type_cast, type, original_attribute)
+      end
     end
 
     def type_cast(*)

activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/schema_definitions.rb

@@ -51,11 +51,12 @@ def custom_primary_key?
         options[:primary_key] != default_primary_key
       end
 
-      def defined_for?(options_or_to_table = {})
-        if options_or_to_table.is_a?(Hash)
-          options_or_to_table.all? {|key, value| options[key].to_s == value.to_s }
+      def defined_for?(to_table_ord = nil, to_table: nil, **options)
+        if to_table_ord
+          self.to_table == to_table_ord.to_s
         else
-          to_table == options_or_to_table.to_s
+          (to_table.nil? || to_table.to_s == self.to_table) &&
+            options.all? { |k, v| self.options[k].to_s == v.to_s }
         end
       end
 

activerecord/test/cases/attribute_test.rb

@@ -242,5 +242,12 @@ def assert_valid_value(*)
         attribute.with_value_from_user(1)
       end
     end
+
+    test "with_type preserves mutations" do
+      attribute = Attribute.from_database(:foo, "", Type::Value.new)
+      attribute.value << "1"
+
+      assert_equal 1, attribute.with_type(Type::Integer.new).value
+    end
   end
 end