Move advisory locks to own connection handler.

Removes the use of `ActiveRecord::AdvisoryLockBase` since it inherits
from `ActiveRecord::Base` and hence share module attributes that are defined in `ActiveRecord::Base`.
This is problematic because establishing connections through
`ActiveRecord::AdvisoryLockBase` can end up changing state of the default
connection handler of `ActiveRecord::Base` leading to unexpected
behaviors in a Rails application.

In the case of #39157,

Running migrations with `rails db:migrate:primary_shard_one` was not working as
the application itself defined the following

```
class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.abstract_class = true

  connects_to shards: {
    default: { writing: :primary },
    shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
  }
end
```

In the database migrate rake task, the default connection was
established with the database config of `primary_shard_one`. However,
the default connection was altered to that of `primary` because
`ActiveRecord::AdvisoryLockBase.establish_connection` ended up loading
`ApplicationRecord` which calls `connects_to shards:`. Since all we
really need here is just a normal database connection, we can avoid
accidentally altering the default connection handler state during the migration
by creating a custom connection handler used for retrieving a connection.

activerecord/lib/active_record.rb

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   extend ActiveSupport::Autoload
 
-  autoload :AdvisoryLockBase
   autoload :Base
   autoload :Callbacks
   autoload :Core

activerecord/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -1376,20 +1376,29 @@ def use_advisory_lock?
 
       def with_advisory_lock
         lock_id = generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
-        AdvisoryLockBase.establish_connection(ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config) unless AdvisoryLockBase.connected?
-        connection = AdvisoryLockBase.connection
-        got_lock = connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
-        raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
-        load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
-        yield
-      ensure
-        if got_lock && !connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
-          raise ConcurrentMigrationError.new(
-            ConcurrentMigrationError::RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE
-          )
+
+        with_advisory_lock_connection do |connection|
+          got_lock = connection.get_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+          raise ConcurrentMigrationError unless got_lock
+          load_migrated # reload schema_migrations to be sure it wasn't changed by another process before we got the lock
+          yield
+        ensure
+          if got_lock && !connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+            raise ConcurrentMigrationError.new(
+              ConcurrentMigrationError::RELEASE_LOCK_FAILED_MESSAGE
+            )
+          end
         end
       end
 
+      def with_advisory_lock_connection
+        pool = ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new.establish_connection(
+          ActiveRecord::Base.connection_db_config
+        )
+
+        pool.with_connection { |connection| yield(connection) }
+      end
+
       MIGRATOR_SALT = 2053462845
       def generate_migrator_advisory_lock_id
         db_name_hash = Zlib.crc32(Base.connection.current_database)

activerecord/test/cases/migration_test.rb

@@ -940,8 +940,10 @@ def test_with_advisory_lock_raises_the_right_error_when_it_fails_to_release_lock
 
       e = assert_raises(ActiveRecord::ConcurrentMigrationError) do
         silence_stream($stderr) do
-          migrator.send(:with_advisory_lock) do
-            ActiveRecord::AdvisoryLockBase.connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+          migrator.stub(:with_advisory_lock_connection, ->(&block) { block.call(ActiveRecord::Base.connection) }) do
+            migrator.send(:with_advisory_lock) do
+              ActiveRecord::Base.connection.release_advisory_lock(lock_id)
+            end
           end
         end
       end