Show errors on inaccessible payload files #18405

sjanusz-r7 · 2023-09-27T10:59:43Z

This PR requires rapid7/metasploit-payloads#673
It allows for outputting error messages on startup if any Metasploit Payload files defined in the manifest file are missing or the user does not have read permissions for.
This PR also adds error messages when calling to_handler on a stageless payload, as well as when a payload reaches out for a stage that is not accessible.

Java Payload Sizes

The Java payload sizes are slightly different due Java compiler changes. Prior to this release we used

The changes are minimal; Small change in the try/if logic:

And some changes in the constant pool, verified with:

$ javap -v -c AESEncryption.class

... etc ...
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #24.#37        // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Class              #38            // java/io/DataInputStream
   #3 = Methodref          #2.#39         // java/io/DataInputStream."<init>":(Ljava/io/InputStream;)V
   #4 = Methodref          #2.#40         // java/io/DataInputStream.readInt:()I
   #5 = Class              #41            // java/security/SecureRandom
   #6 = Methodref          #5.#37         // java/security/SecureRandom."<init>":()V
   #7 = Methodref          #5.#42         // java/security/SecureRandom.nextBytes:([B)V
   #8 = Methodref          #43.#44        // java/io/OutputStream.write:([B)V
   #9 = Methodref          #43.#45        // java/io/OutputStream.flush:()V
  #10 = Methodref          #2.#46         // java/io/DataInputStream.readFully:([B)V
  #11 = String             #47            // MD5
  #12 = Methodref          #48.#49        // java/security/MessageDigest.getInstance:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/security/MessageDigest;
  #13 = Methodref          #50.#51        // java/lang/String.getBytes:()[B
  #14 = Methodref          #48.#52        // java/security/MessageDigest.digest:([B)[B
  #15 = String             #53            // AES/CFB8/NoPadding
  #16 = Methodref          #17.#54        // javax/crypto/Cipher.getInstance:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljavax/crypto/Cipher;
  #17 = Class              #55            // javax/crypto/Cipher
  #18 = Class              #56            // javax/crypto/spec/SecretKeySpec
... etc ...

Diff:

  #16 = Methodref          #17.#54        // javax/crypto/Cipher.getInstance:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljavax/crypto/Cipher;
-  #17 = Class              #55            // javax/crypto/spec/SecretKeySpec
+  #17 = Class              #55            // javax/crypto/Cipher
+  #18 = Class              #56            // javax/crypto/spec/SecretKeySpec

Verification

Example Output

Staged

When the file is inaccessible, this is expected to fail when a payload reaches back to MSF Console for a stage.

msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > options

Module options (payload/windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):

   Name      Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----      ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC  process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   LHOST     192.168.112.1    yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT     4444             yes       The listen port


View the full module info with the info, or info -d command.

msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > to_handler
[*] Payload Handler Started as Job 0

[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.112.1:4444
-- Execute the payload on the target machine --
msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > [-] Meterpreter path meterpreter/metsrv.x86.dll not found. Ensure antivirus is not enabled, or reinstall Metasploit.

Stageless

When the file is inaccessible, this is expected to fail when calling to_handler.

msf6 payload(windows/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp) > options

Module options (payload/windows/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp):

   Name        Current Setting  Required  Description
   ----        ---------------  --------  -----------
   EXITFUNC    process          yes       Exit technique (Accepted: '', seh, thread, process, none)
   EXTENSIONS                   no        Comma-separate list of extensions to load
   EXTINIT                      no        Initialization strings for extensions
   LHOST       192.168.207.1    yes       The listen address (an interface may be specified)
   LPORT       4444             yes       The listen port


View the full module info with the info, or info -d command.

msf6 payload(windows/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp) > to_handler

[-] Exploit failed: Meterpreter path meterpreter/metsrv.x64.dll not found. Ensure antivirus is not enabled, or reinstall Metasploit.

lib/msf/core/payload/stager.rb

lib/msf/ui/console/driver.rb

sjanusz-r7 · 2023-10-02T13:57:18Z

lib/msf/core/payload/java.rb

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ def generate_jar(opts={})
    jar = Rex::Zip::Jar.new
    jar.add_sub("metasploit") if opts[:random]
    jar.add_file("metasploit.dat", stager_config(opts))
-    jar.add_files(paths, MetasploitPayloads.path('java'))
+    jar.add_files(paths, ::MetasploitPayloads.path('java'))


For context: Without this change, the tests were failing with:

2) modules/payloads java/shell_reverse_tcp it should behave like payload cached size is consistent java/shell_reverse_tcp has a valid cached_size Failure/Error: generate_jar(opts).pack NameError: uninitialized constant Msf::Modules::Payload__Singles__Java__Shell_reverse_tcp::MetasploitModule::MetasploitPayloads Shared Example Group: "payload cached size is consistent" called from ./spec/modules/payloads_spec.rb:1555 # ./modules/payloads/singles/java/shell_reverse_tcp.rb:39:in `block in generate_jar' # ./modules/payloads/singles/java/shell_reverse_tcp.rb:32:in `each' # ./modules/payloads/singles/java/shell_reverse_tcp.rb:32:in `generate_jar' # ./lib/msf/core/payload/java.rb:35:in `generate'

sjanusz-r7 · 2023-10-02T15:13:56Z

lib/rex/post/meterpreter/client_core.rb

+        begin
+          path = MetasploitPayloads.meterpreter_path(modname, suffix, debug: client.debug_build)
+        rescue ::StandardError => e
+          elog(e)
+          path = nil
+        end


Without this change, some tests were failing with:

1.31) Failure/Error: expect(test_result).to include(acceptable_failure.value) expected "[-] Post failed: MetasploitPayloads::NotFoundError Meterpreter path D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasp...work/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post.rb:28:in `setup'\r\n[*] Post module execution completed" to include "[-] [should raise a runtime exception if services doesnt exist] FAILED: should raise a runtime exception if services doesnt exist" Diff: @@ -1,11 +1,21 @@ -[-] [should raise a runtime exception if services doesnt exist] FAILED: should raise a runtime exception if services doesnt exist +[-] Post failed: MetasploitPayloads::NotFoundError Meterpreter path D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.0.0/gems/metasploit-payloads-2.0.154/data/meterpreter/ext_server_extapi.jar not found. Ensure antivirus is not enabled, or reinstall Metasploit. +[-] Call stack: +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/vendor/bundle/ruby/3.0.0/gems/metasploit-payloads-2.0.154/lib/metasploit-payloads.rb:112:in `meterpreter_path' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/rex/post/meterpreter/client_core.rb:366:in `use' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post_mixin.rb:321:in `block in meterpreter_session_incompatibility_reasons' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post_mixin.rb:316:in `each' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post_mixin.rb:316:in `meterpreter_session_incompatibility_reasons' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post_mixin.rb:226:in `session_incompatibility_reasons' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post_mixin.rb:58:in `setup' +[-] D:/a/metasploit-framework/metasploit-framework/lib/msf/core/post.rb:28:in `setup' +[*] Post module execution completed # ./spec/acceptance/meterpreter_spec.rb:426:in `block (11 levels) in <top (required)>' # ./spec/acceptance/meterpreter_spec.rb:422:in `each' # ./spec/acceptance/meterpreter_spec.rb:422:in `block (10 levels) in <top (required)>'

adfoster-r7 · 2023-10-03T09:46:24Z

I now get warnings that I have custom meterpreter dlls:

c:\metasploit-framework>bundle exec ruby ./msfconsole -q
C:/tools/ruby30/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/rex-core-0.1.31/lib/rex/compat.rb:381: warning: Win32API is deprecated after Ruby 1.9.1; use fiddle directly instead
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/dump_sam.x64.debug.dll is being used
WARNING: Local files may be incompatible with the Metasploit Framework
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/dump_sam.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/dump_sam.x86.debug.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/elevator.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_bofloader.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_espia.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_extapi.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_incognito.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_kiwi.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_lanattacks.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_peinjector.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_powershell.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_priv.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_priv.x86.debug.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_python.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_stdapi.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_unhook.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_winpmem.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/metsrv.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/screenshot.x64.dll is being used

Booting console then deleting the payload works:

msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter_reverse_tcp) > generate -f raw lhost=127.0.0.1
[-] Payload generation failed: Meterpreter path C:/tools/ruby30/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/metasploit-payloads-2.0.154/data/meterpreter/metsrv.x86.dll not found. Ensure antivirus is not enabled, or reinstall Metasploit.

Using a stager when meterpreter dll isn't present:

msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > to_handler
[*] Payload Handler Started as Job 0
msf6 payload(windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) >
[!] You are binding to a loopback address by setting LHOST to 127.0.0.1. Did you want ReverseListenerBindAddress?
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 127.0.0.1:4444
[!] Failed to stage (127.0.0.1): Meterpreter path C:/tools/ruby30/lib/ruby/gems/3.0.0/gems/metasploit-payloads-2.0.154/data/meterpreter/metsrv.x86.dll not found. Ensure antivirus is not enabled, or reinstall Metasploit.

Verifying that local DLLs can still be used, even if the gem data was removed

msf6 payload(windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > generate -f exe -o shell.exe lhost=127.0.0.1
[*] Writing 7168 bytes to shell.exe...
msf6 payload(windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) > to_handler
[*] Payload Handler Started as Job 0
msf6 payload(windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp) >
[!] You are binding to a loopback address by setting LHOST to 127.0.0.1. Did you want ReverseListenerBindAddress?
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 127.0.0.1:4444
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/metsrv.x64.dll is being used
[*] Sending stage (224326 bytes) to 127.0.0.1
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_stdapi.x64.dll is being used
WARNING: Local file c:/metasploit-framework/data/meterpreter/ext_server_priv.x64.dll is being used
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (127.0.0.1:4444 -> 127.0.0.1:49823) at 2023-10-03 02:45:56 -0700

adfoster-r7 · 2023-10-03T11:33:55Z

Release Notes

Updates msfconsole to detect and warn users when Metasploit payloads may have been deleted by antivirus or similar. This functionality is currently behind a feature flag, which can be enabled with features set metasploit_payload_warnings true

adfoster-r7 reviewed Sep 29, 2023

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adfoster-r7 reviewed Sep 29, 2023

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adfoster-r7 reviewed Sep 29, 2023

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sjanusz-r7 force-pushed the add-payloads-file-warnings-support branch 5 times, most recently from d601648 to 8efc6ca Compare October 2, 2023 10:37

sjanusz-r7 marked this pull request as draft October 2, 2023 11:49

sjanusz-r7 force-pushed the add-payloads-file-warnings-support branch from 8efc6ca to 618bd08 Compare October 2, 2023 11:53

Show errors on inaccessible payload files

e70f356

sjanusz-r7 force-pushed the add-payloads-file-warnings-support branch from 618bd08 to e70f356 Compare October 2, 2023 13:46

sjanusz-r7 commented Oct 2, 2023

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sjanusz-r7 marked this pull request as ready for review October 2, 2023 14:44

sjanusz-r7 commented Oct 2, 2023

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adfoster-r7 merged commit 14c42fc into rapid7:master Oct 3, 2023
57 checks passed

jharris-r7 added rn-fix release notes fix rn-enhancement release notes enhancement rn-payload-enhancement release notes for enhanced payloads and removed rn-enhancement release notes enhancement rn-fix release notes fix labels Oct 6, 2023

sjanusz-r7 mentioned this pull request Dec 8, 2023

Enable Metasploit Payloads file warning messages by default #18610

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Show errors on inaccessible payload files #18405

Show errors on inaccessible payload files #18405

sjanusz-r7 commented Sep 27, 2023 •

edited by adfoster-r7

sjanusz-r7 Oct 2, 2023

sjanusz-r7 Oct 2, 2023

adfoster-r7 commented Oct 3, 2023

adfoster-r7 commented Oct 3, 2023

Show errors on inaccessible payload files #18405

Show errors on inaccessible payload files #18405

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sjanusz-r7 commented Sep 27, 2023 • edited by adfoster-r7

Java Payload Sizes

Verification

Example Output

Staged

Stageless

sjanusz-r7 Oct 2, 2023

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adfoster-r7 commented Oct 3, 2023

adfoster-r7 commented Oct 3, 2023

Release Notes

sjanusz-r7 commented Sep 27, 2023 •

edited by adfoster-r7