[dt] add retries to remote curl call

[jackietung-redpanda]

During RP installation within Ducktape tests, we use curl to download RP from S3. This can fail due to intermittent network issues. Adding retries is a good idea to prevent inevitable test flakes.

Release Notes

• none

Backports Required

• none - not a bug fix
• none - this is a backport
• none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• v24.1.x
• v23.3.x
• v23.2.x

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[gousteris]

lgtm

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v24.1.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v23.3.x

[vbotbuildovich]

/backport v23.2.x

[vbotbuildovich]

Failed to create a backport PR to v23.2.x branch. I tried:

git remote add upstream https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda.git
git fetch --all
git checkout -b backport-pr-18387-v23.2.x-954 remotes/upstream/v23.2.x
git cherry-pick -x f236b110b357f8317a2920c0630178e9fa6ff420

Workflow run logs.

[vbotbuildovich]

Failed to create a backport PR to v23.3.x branch. I tried:

git remote add upstream https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda.git
git fetch --all
git checkout -b backport-pr-18387-v23.3.x-876 remotes/upstream/v23.3.x
git cherry-pick -x f236b110b357f8317a2920c0630178e9fa6ff420

Workflow run logs.