go-bravo16

Package bravo16 provides a more (human) safe base-16 binary-to-text encoding, and decoding; brave16 is an alternative to hexadecimal.

The safety comes from carefully choosing the symbols used for the base-16 symbols.

Rather than using hexadecimal's symbols:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f

... bravo16 uses the symbols:

0 1 2 m 4 5 x V H k A b C d E f

(Why these symbols were chosen is covered later in this document.)

Documention

Online documentation, which includes examples, can be found at: http://godoc.org/github.com/reiver/go-bravo16

Symbols

The following symbols are used for the bravo16 encoding:

bravo16	hexadecimal	decimal	binary
0	0	0	0000
1	1	1	0001
2	2	2	0010
m	3	3	0011
4	4	4	0100
5	5	5	0101
x	6	6	0110
V	7	7	0111
H	8	8	1000
k	9	9	1001
A	a	10	1010
b	b	11	1011
C	c	12	1100
d	d	13	1101
E	e	14	1110
f	f	15	1111

Which means that the symbols for ‘3’, ‘6’, ‘7’, ‘8’, and ‘9’ differ between bravo16 and hexadecimal.

And also that the symbols for ‘A’, ‘C’, and ‘E’ are always in uppercase. And the symbols for ‘b’, ‘d’, and ‘e’ are always in lowercase.

Literals

To make it so that bravo16 literals can be distinguished from hexadecimal literals, decimal literlals, and octal liberals, bravo16 literals begin with the following prefix:

0r

I.e., bravo16 literals begin with a zero followed by a lowercase ‘r’.

Here are some examples of bravo16 literals:

• 0r00000000001kdxxHkC0H5AE1x5Hm1Ekm4ffVxmAE4xA2AxC1V2bmf1bx0AHCE2xf
• 0r00
• 0r11
• 0r22
• 0rmm
• 0r44
• 0r55
• 0rxx
• 0rVV
• 0rHH
• 0rkk
• 0rAA
• 0rbb
• 0rCC
• 0rdd
• 0rEE
• 0rff

Safety: Alphanumeric Confusion

There are a number of ways that safety was considered when choosing the symbols used for the brave16 (base-16) encoding.

One of those ways was:...

Which symbols do humans commonly confuse with other symbols?

There are a number of letter, and numeral symbols that are common for individuals to confuse.

This confusion can be due to different reasons, namely:

• the font used (on a computer, or in print) can make certain symbols look similar and cause humans to confuse them,
• the way that some humans (hand) write certain symbols can make them look similar to other symbols and cause humans to confuse them, and
• the way that some humans handwrite (in cursive) certain symbols an make them look similar to other symbols and cause humans to confuse them.

Here are a number of tables listing out the common symbol confusions:....

Zero (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
0	8 (eight)
0	D (uppercase)
0	O (uppercase)
0	o (lowercase)
0	Q (uppercase)
0	U (uppercase)

One (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
1	7 (seven)
1	I (uppercase)
1	i (lowercase)
1	j (lowercase)
1	L (uppercase)
1	l (lowercase)

Two (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
2	Z (uppercase)
2	z (uppercase)

Three (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
3	5 (five)
3	8 (eight)
3	9 (nine)

Four (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
4	9 (nine)
4	U (uppercase)
4	u (lowercase)

Five (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
5	3 (three)
5	8 (eight)
5	S (uppercase)
5	s (lowercase)
5	Y (uppercase)
5	y (lowercase)

Six (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
6	8 (eight)
6	b (lowercase)
6	G (uppercase)

Seven (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
7	1 (one)
7	F (uppercase)
7	T (uppercase)
7	Z (uppercase)
7	z (lowercase)

Eight (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
8	0 (zero)
8	3 (three)
8	5 (five)
8	6 (six)
8	B (uppercase)
8	S (uppercase)
8	s (uppercase)

Nine (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
9	3 (three)
9	4 (four)
9	g (lowercase)
9	q (lowercase)

A (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
a (lowercase)	o (lowercase)
a (lowercase)	q (lowercase)

No common confusion for uppercase “A”.

B (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
B (uppercase)	8 (eight)

Character	Confused With
b (lowercase)	6 (six)

C (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
C (uppercase)	e (lowercase)
C (uppercase)	G (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
c (lowercase)	e (lowercase)
c (lowercase)	G (uppercase)

D (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
D (uppercase)	0 (zero)
D (uppercase)	O (uppercase)
D (uppercase)	o (lowercase)
D (uppercase)	Q (uppercase)

No common confusion for lowercase “d”.

E (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
E (uppercase)	F (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
e (lowercase)	C (uppercase)
e (lowercase)	c (lowercase)

F (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
F (uppercase)	E (uppercase)
F (uppercase)	R (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
f (lowercase)	t (lowercase)

G (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
G (uppercase)	6 (six)
G (uppercase)	C (uppercase)
G (uppercase)	c (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
g (lowercase)	9 (nine)
g (lowercase)	q (lowercase)

H (Alphanumeric Confusion)

No common confusion for uppercase “H”.

No common confusion for lowercase “h”.

I (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
I (uppercase)	1 (one)
I (uppercase)	i (lowercase)
I (uppercase)	J (uppercase)
I (uppercase)	j (lowercase)
I (uppercase)	L (uppercase)
I (uppercase)	l (lowercase)
I (uppercase)	T (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
i (lowercase)	1 (one)
i (lowercase)	I (uppercase)
i (lowercase)	J (uppercase)
i (lowercase)	j (lowercase)
i (lowercase)	l (lowercase)

J (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
J (uppercase)	I (uppercase)
J (uppercase)	i (lowercase)
J (uppercase)	j (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
j (lowercase)	1 (one)
j (lowercase)	I (uppercase)
j (lowercase)	i (lowercase)
j (lowercase)	J (uppercase)

K (Alphanumeric Confusion)

No common confusion for uppercase “K”.

No common confusion for lowercase “k”.

L (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
L (uppercase)	I (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
l (lowercase)	1 (one)
l (lowercase)	I (uppercase)
l (lowercase)	i (lowercase)

M (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
M (uppercase)	N (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
m (lowercase)	n (lowercase)

N (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
N (uppercase)	M (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
n (lowercase)	m (lowercase)

O (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
O (uppercase)	0 (zero)
O (uppercase)	D (uppercase)
O (uppercase)	o (lowercase)
O (uppercase)	Q (uppercase)
O (uppercase)	U (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
o (lowercase)	0 (zero)
o (lowercase)	D (uppercase)
o (lowercase)	O (uppercase)
o (lowercase)	Q (uppercase)
o (lowercase)	U (uppercase)

P (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
P (uppercase)	B (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
p (lowercase)	n (lowercase)

Q (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
Q (uppercase)	0 (zero)
Q (uppercase)	D (uppercase)
Q (uppercase)	O (uppercase)
Q (uppercase)	o (lowercase)
Q (uppercase)	U (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
q (lowercase)	9 (nine)
q (lowercase)	a (lowercase)
q (lowercase)	g (lowercase)

R (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
R (uppercase)	F (uppercase)

No common confusion for lowercase “r”.

S (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
S (uppercase)	5 (five)
S (uppercase)	8 (eight)
S (uppercase)	s (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
s (lowercase)	5 (five)
s (lowercase)	8 (eight)
s (lowercase)	S (uppwercase)

T (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
T (uppercase)	7 (seven)
T (uppercase)	I (uppercase)

Character	Confused With
t (lowercase)	f (lowercase)

U (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
U (uppercase)	0 (zero)
U (uppercase)	4 (four)
U (uppercase)	O (uppercase)
U (uppercase)	o (lowercase)
U (uppercase)	Q (uppercase)
U (uppercase)	u (lowercase)
U (uppercase)	V (uppercase)
U (uppercase)	v (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
u (lowercase)	0 (zero)
u (lowercase)	4 (four)
u (lowercase)	O (uppercase)
u (lowercase)	o (lowercase)
u (lowercase)	Q (uppercase)
u (lowercase)	U (uppercase)
u (lowercase)	V (uppercase)
u (lowercase)	v (lowercase)

V (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
V (uppercase)	U (uppercase)
V (uppercase)	u (lowercase)
V (uppercase)	v (lowercase)
V (uppercase)	W (uppercase)
V (uppercase)	w (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
v (lowercase)	U (uppercase)
v (lowercase)	u (lowercase)
v (lowercase)	V (uppercase)
v (lowercase)	W (uppercase)
v (lowercase)	w (lowercase)

W (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
W (uppercase)	V (uppercase)
W (uppercase)	v (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
w (lowercase)	V (uppercase)
w (lowercase)	v (lowercase)

X (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
X (uppercase)	x (lowercase)
X (uppercase)	Y (uppercase)
X (uppercase)	y (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
x (lowercase)	X (uppercase)
x (lowercase)	Y (uppercase)
x (lowercase)	y (lowercase)

Y (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
Y (uppercase)	5 (five)
Y (uppercase)	X (uppercase)
Y (uppercase)	x (lowercase)
Y (uppercase)	y (lowercase)
Y (uppercase)	Z (uppercase)
Y (uppercase)	z (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
y (lowercase)	5 (five)
y (lowercase)	X (uppercase)
y (lowercase)	x (lowercase)
y (lowercase)	Y (uppercase)
y (lowercase)	Z (uppercase)
y (lowercase)	z (lowercase)

Z (Alphanumeric Confusion)

Character	Confused With
Z (uppercase)	2 (two)
Z (uppercase)	7 (seven)
Z (uppercase)	Y (uppercase)
Z (uppercase)	y (lowercase)

Character	Confused With
z (lowercase)	2 (two)
z (lowercase)	7 (seven)
z (lowercase)	Y (uppercase)
z (lowercase)	y (lowercase)