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Add KBUILD_DEFCONFIG support … #26
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In order to get uname correct, I build the kernel with the following patch applied diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 95a0e82..6e2ff96 10644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -263,6 +263,14 @@ ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64) SRCARCH := x86 endif +# Additional ARCH settings for RISC-V +ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv32) + SRCARCH := riscv +endif +ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv64) + SRCARCH := riscv +endif + # Additional ARCH settings for sparc ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc32) SRCARCH := sparc and then proceed to run "make ARCH=riscv64 ...". It turns out that this doesn't work correctly with the old defconfig mechanism. This patch sets KBUILD_DEFCONFIG, which appears to be the new way to make defconfig work. Almost all other architectures (x86, arm64, arm, PPC) appear to do things this way.
jameyhicks
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Jan 14, 2016
commit ecf5fc6 upstream. Nikolay has reported a hang when a memcg reclaim got stuck with the following backtrace: PID: 18308 TASK: ffff883d7c9b0a30 CPU: 1 COMMAND: "rsync" #0 __schedule at ffffffff815ab152 riscvarchive#1 schedule at ffffffff815ab76e riscvarchive#2 schedule_timeout at ffffffff815ae5e5 riscvarchive#3 io_schedule_timeout at ffffffff815aad6a riscvarchive#4 bit_wait_io at ffffffff815abfc6 riscvarchive#5 __wait_on_bit at ffffffff815abda5 riscvarchive#6 wait_on_page_bit at ffffffff8111fd4f riscvarchive#7 shrink_page_list at ffffffff81135445 riscvarchive#8 shrink_inactive_list at ffffffff81135845 riscvarchive#9 shrink_lruvec at ffffffff81135ead riscvarchive#10 shrink_zone at ffffffff811360c3 riscvarchive#11 shrink_zones at ffffffff81136eff riscvarchive#12 do_try_to_free_pages at ffffffff8113712f riscvarchive#13 try_to_free_mem_cgroup_pages at ffffffff811372be riscvarchive#14 try_charge at ffffffff81189423 riscvarchive#15 mem_cgroup_try_charge at ffffffff8118c6f5 riscvarchive#16 __add_to_page_cache_locked at ffffffff8112137d riscvarchive#17 add_to_page_cache_lru at ffffffff81121618 riscvarchive#18 pagecache_get_page at ffffffff8112170b riscvarchive#19 grow_dev_page at ffffffff811c8297 riscvarchive#20 __getblk_slow at ffffffff811c91d6 riscvarchive#21 __getblk_gfp at ffffffff811c92c1 riscvarchive#22 ext4_ext_grow_indepth at ffffffff8124565c riscvarchive#23 ext4_ext_create_new_leaf at ffffffff81246ca8 riscvarchive#24 ext4_ext_insert_extent at ffffffff81246f09 riscvarchive#25 ext4_ext_map_blocks at ffffffff8124a848 riscvarchive#26 ext4_map_blocks at ffffffff8121a5b7 riscvarchive#27 mpage_map_one_extent at ffffffff8121b1fa riscvarchive#28 mpage_map_and_submit_extent at ffffffff8121f07b riscvarchive#29 ext4_writepages at ffffffff8121f6d5 riscvarchive#30 do_writepages at ffffffff8112c490 riscvarchive#31 __filemap_fdatawrite_range at ffffffff81120199 riscvarchive#32 filemap_flush at ffffffff8112041c riscvarchive#33 ext4_alloc_da_blocks at ffffffff81219da1 riscvarchive#34 ext4_rename at ffffffff81229b91 riscvarchive#35 ext4_rename2 at ffffffff81229e32 riscvarchive#36 vfs_rename at ffffffff811a08a5 riscvarchive#37 SYSC_renameat2 at ffffffff811a3ffc riscvarchive#38 sys_renameat2 at ffffffff811a408e riscvarchive#39 sys_rename at ffffffff8119e51e riscvarchive#40 system_call_fastpath at ffffffff815afa89 Dave Chinner has properly pointed out that this is a deadlock in the reclaim code because ext4 doesn't submit pages which are marked by PG_writeback right away. The heuristic was introduced by commit e62e384 ("memcg: prevent OOM with too many dirty pages") and it was applied only when may_enter_fs was specified. The code has been changed by c3b94f4 ("memcg: further prevent OOM with too many dirty pages") which has removed the __GFP_FS restriction with a reasoning that we do not get into the fs code. But this is not sufficient apparently because the fs doesn't necessarily submit pages marked PG_writeback for IO right away. ext4_bio_write_page calls io_submit_add_bh but that doesn't necessarily submit the bio. Instead it tries to map more pages into the bio and mpage_map_one_extent might trigger memcg charge which might end up waiting on a page which is marked PG_writeback but hasn't been submitted yet so we would end up waiting for something that never finishes. Fix this issue by replacing __GFP_IO by may_enter_fs check (for case 2) before we go to wait on the writeback. The page fault path, which is the only path that triggers memcg oom killer since 3.12, shouldn't require GFP_NOFS and so we shouldn't reintroduce the premature OOM killer issue which was originally addressed by the heuristic. As per David Chinner the xfs is doing similar thing since 2.6.15 already so ext4 is not the only affected filesystem. Moreover he notes: : For example: IO completion might require unwritten extent conversion : which executes filesystem transactions and GFP_NOFS allocations. The : writeback flag on the pages can not be cleared until unwritten : extent conversion completes. Hence memory reclaim cannot wait on : page writeback to complete in GFP_NOFS context because it is not : safe to do so, memcg reclaim or otherwise. Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 3.9+ [tytso@mit.edu: corrected the control flow] Fixes: c3b94f4 ("memcg: further prevent OOM with too many dirty pages") Reported-by: Nikolay Borisov <kernel@kyup.com> Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
palmer-dabbelt
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Jun 23, 2017
'perf annotate' is dropping the cr* fields from branch instructions.
Fix it by adding support to display branch instructions having
multiple operands.
Power Arch objdump of int_sqrt:
20.36 | c0000000004d2694: subf r10,r10,r3
| c0000000004d2698: v bgt cr6,c0000000004d26a0 <int_sqrt+0x40>
1.82 | c0000000004d269c: mr r3,r10
29.18 | c0000000004d26a0: mr r10,r8
| c0000000004d26a4: v bgt cr7,c0000000004d26ac <int_sqrt+0x4c>
| c0000000004d26a8: mr r10,r7
Power Arch Before Patch:
20.36 | subf r10,r10,r3
| v bgt 40
1.82 | mr r3,r10
29.18 | 40: mr r10,r8
| v bgt 4c
| mr r10,r7
Power Arch After patch:
20.36 | subf r10,r10,r3
| v bgt cr6,40
1.82 | mr r3,r10
29.18 | 40: mr r10,r8
| v bgt cr7,4c
| mr r10,r7
Also support AArch64 conditional branch instructions, which can
have up to three operands:
Aarch64 Non-simplified (raw objdump) view:
│ffff0000083cd11c: ↑ cbz w0, ffff0000083cd100 <security_fil▒
...
4.44 │ffff000│083cd134: ↓ tbnz w0, #26, ffff0000083cd190 <securit▒
...
1.37 │ffff000│083cd144: ↓ tbnz w22, #5, ffff0000083cd1a4 <securit▒
│ffff000│083cd148: mov w19, #0x20000 //▒
1.02 │ffff000│083cd14c: ↓ tbz w22, #2, ffff0000083cd1ac <securit▒
...
0.68 │ffff000└──3cd16c: ↑ cbnz w0, ffff0000083cd120 <security_fil▒
Aarch64 Simplified, before this patch:
│ ↑ cbz 40
...
4.44 │ │↓ tbnz w0, #26, ffff0000083cd190 <security_file_permiss▒
...
1.37 │ │↓ tbnz w22, #5, ffff0000083cd1a4 <security_file_permiss▒
│ │ mov w19, #0x20000 // #131072
1.02 │ │↓ tbz w22, #2, ffff0000083cd1ac <security_file_permiss▒
...
0.68 │ └──cbnz 60
the cbz operand is missing, and the tbz doesn't get simplified processing
at all because the parsing function failed to match an address.
Aarch64 Simplified, After this patch applied:
│ ↑ cbz w0, 40
...
4.44 │ │↓ tbnz w0, #26, d0
...
1.37 │ │↓ tbnz w22, #5, e4
│ │ mov w19, #0x20000 // #131072
1.02 │ │↓ tbz w22, #2, ec
...
0.68 │ └──cbnz w0, 60
Originally-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reported-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Reported-by: Robin Murphy <robin.murphy@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Taeung Song <treeze.taeung@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170601092959.f60d98912e8a1b66fd1e4c0e@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
palmer-dabbelt
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Jul 11, 2017
…fixes WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #26: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2271: + struct list_head *queue = NULL;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #27: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2272: + int i;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #60: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2285: + for (i = DLM_GRANTED_LIST; i <= DLM_BLOCKED_LIST; i++) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (7, 15) #60: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2285: + for (i = DLM_GRANTED_LIST; i <= DLM_BLOCKED_LIST; i++) { + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i); ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #61: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2286: + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #61: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2286: + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) {$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (15, 23) #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) { + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) { ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) {$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (23, 31) #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) { + list_del_init(&lock->list); ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #64: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2289: + list_del_init(&lock->list);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #64: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2289: + list_del_init(&lock->list);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #65: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2290: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #65: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2290: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #66: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2291: + /* Can't schedule DLM_UNLOCK_FREE_LOCK$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #67: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2292: + * do manually$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #68: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2293: + */$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #69: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2294: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #69: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2294: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #70: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2295: + freed++;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #70: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2295: + freed++;$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #71: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2296: + }$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #71: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2296: + }$ total: 11 errors, 14 warnings, 51 lines checked NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace. NOTE: Whitespace errors detected. You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile ./patches/ocfs2-dlm-optimization-of-code-while-free-dead-node-locks.patch has style problems, please review. NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS. Please run checkpatch prior to sending patches Cc: Guozhonghua <guozhonghua@h3c.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Jul 31, 2017
…fixes WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #26: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2271: + struct list_head *queue = NULL;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #27: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2272: + int i;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #60: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2285: + for (i = DLM_GRANTED_LIST; i <= DLM_BLOCKED_LIST; i++) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (7, 15) #60: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2285: + for (i = DLM_GRANTED_LIST; i <= DLM_BLOCKED_LIST; i++) { + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i); ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #61: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2286: + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #61: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2286: + queue = dlm_list_idx_to_ptr(res, i);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) {$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (15, 23) #62: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2287: + list_for_each_entry_safe(lock, next, queue, list) { + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) { ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) {$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) {$ WARNING: suspect code indent for conditional statements (23, 31) #63: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2288: + if (lock->ml.node == dead_node) { + list_del_init(&lock->list); ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #64: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2289: + list_del_init(&lock->list);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #64: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2289: + list_del_init(&lock->list);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #65: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2290: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #65: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2290: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #66: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2291: + /* Can't schedule DLM_UNLOCK_FREE_LOCK$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #67: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2292: + * do manually$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #68: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2293: + */$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #69: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2294: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #69: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2294: + dlm_lock_put(lock);$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #70: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2295: + freed++;$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #70: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2295: + freed++;$ ERROR: code indent should use tabs where possible #71: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2296: + }$ WARNING: please, no spaces at the start of a line #71: FILE: fs/ocfs2/dlm/dlmrecovery.c:2296: + }$ total: 11 errors, 14 warnings, 51 lines checked NOTE: For some of the reported defects, checkpatch may be able to mechanically convert to the typical style using --fix or --fix-inplace. NOTE: Whitespace errors detected. You may wish to use scripts/cleanpatch or scripts/cleanfile ./patches/ocfs2-dlm-optimization-of-code-while-free-dead-node-locks.patch has style problems, please review. NOTE: If any of the errors are false positives, please report them to the maintainer, see CHECKPATCH in MAINTAINERS. Please run checkpatch prior to sending patches Cc: Guozhonghua <guozhonghua@h3c.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
palmer-dabbelt
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Nov 13, 2017
Fengguang reported a KASAN warning: Kprobe smoke test: started ================================================================== BUG: KASAN: stack-out-of-bounds in deref_stack_reg+0xb5/0x11a Read of size 8 at addr ffff8800001c7cd8 by task swapper/1 CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper Not tainted 4.14.0-rc8 #26 Call Trace: <#DB> ... save_trace+0xd9/0x1d3 mark_lock+0x5f7/0xdc3 __lock_acquire+0x6b4/0x38ef lock_acquire+0x1a1/0x2aa _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x46/0x55 kretprobe_table_lock+0x1a/0x42 pre_handler_kretprobe+0x3f5/0x521 kprobe_int3_handler+0x19c/0x25f do_int3+0x61/0x142 int3+0x30/0x60 [...] The ORC unwinder got confused by some kprobes changes, which isn't surprising since the runtime code no longer matches vmlinux and the stack was modified for kretprobes. Until we have a way for generated code to register changes with the unwinder, these types of warnings are inevitable. So just disable KASAN checks for stack accesses in the ORC unwinder. Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com> Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Thiago Jung Bauermann <bauerman@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171108021934.zbl6unh5hpugybc5@treble Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Nov 16, 2017
If the host takes a system reset interrupt while a guest is running,
the CPU must exit the guest before processing the host exception
handler.
After this patch, taking a sysrq+x with a CPU running in a guest
gives a trace like this:
cpu 0x27: Vector: 100 (System Reset) at [c000000fdf5776f0]
pc: c008000010158b80: kvmppc_run_core+0x16b8/0x1ad0 [kvm_hv]
lr: c008000010158b80: kvmppc_run_core+0x16b8/0x1ad0 [kvm_hv]
sp: c000000fdf577850
msr: 9000000002803033
current = 0xc000000fdf4b1e00
paca = 0xc00000000fd4d680 softe: 3 irq_happened: 0x01
pid = 6608, comm = qemu-system-ppc
Linux version 4.14.0-rc7-01489-g47e1893a404a-dirty #26 SMP
[c000000fdf577a00] c008000010159dd4 kvmppc_vcpu_run_hv+0x3dc/0x12d0 [kvm_hv]
[c000000fdf577b30] c0080000100a537c kvmppc_vcpu_run+0x44/0x60 [kvm]
[c000000fdf577b60] c0080000100a1ae0 kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x118/0x310 [kvm]
[c000000fdf577c00] c008000010093e98 kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x530/0x7c0 [kvm]
[c000000fdf577d50] c000000000357bf8 do_vfs_ioctl+0xd8/0x8c0
[c000000fdf577df0] c000000000358448 SyS_ioctl+0x68/0x100
[c000000fdf577e30] c00000000000b220 system_call+0x58/0x6c
--- Exception: c01 (System Call) at 00007fff76868df0
SP (7fff7069baf0) is in userspace
Fixes: e36d0a2 ("powerpc/powernv: Implement NMI IPI with OPAL_SIGNAL_SYSTEM_RESET")
Signed-off-by: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
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Dec 7, 2017
Reported by syzkaller:
*** Guest State ***
CR0: actual=0x0000000080010031, shadow=0x0000000060000010, gh_mask=fffffffffffffff7
CR4: actual=0x0000000000002061, shadow=0x0000000000000000, gh_mask=ffffffffffffe8f1
CR3 = 0x000000002081e000
RSP = 0x000000000000fffa RIP = 0x0000000000000000
RFLAGS=0x00023000 DR7 = 0x00000000000000
^^^^^^^^^^
------------[ cut here ]------------
WARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 24431 at /home/kernel/linux/arch/x86/kvm//x86.c:7302 kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x651/0x2ea0 [kvm]
CPU: 6 PID: 24431 Comm: reprotest Tainted: G W OE 4.14.0+ #26
RIP: 0010:kvm_arch_vcpu_ioctl_run+0x651/0x2ea0 [kvm]
RSP: 0018:ffff880291d179e0 EFLAGS: 00010202
Call Trace:
kvm_vcpu_ioctl+0x479/0x880 [kvm]
do_vfs_ioctl+0x142/0x9a0
SyS_ioctl+0x74/0x80
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x23/0x9a
The failed vmentry is triggered by the following beautified testcase:
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <linux/kvm.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
long r[5];
int main()
{
struct kvm_debugregs dr = { 0 };
r[2] = open("/dev/kvm", O_RDONLY);
r[3] = ioctl(r[2], KVM_CREATE_VM, 0);
r[4] = ioctl(r[3], KVM_CREATE_VCPU, 7);
struct kvm_guest_debug debug = {
.control = 0xf0403,
.arch = {
.debugreg[6] = 0x2,
.debugreg[7] = 0x2
}
};
ioctl(r[4], KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG, &debug);
ioctl(r[4], KVM_RUN, 0);
}
which testcase tries to setup the processor specific debug
registers and configure vCPU for handling guest debug events through
KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG. The KVM_SET_GUEST_DEBUG ioctl will get and set
rflags in order to set TF bit if single step is needed. All regs' caches
are reset to avail and GUEST_RFLAGS vmcs field is reset to 0x2 during vCPU
reset. However, the cache of rflags is not reset during vCPU reset. The
function vmx_get_rflags() returns an unreset rflags cache value since
the cache is marked avail, it is 0 after boot. Vmentry fails if the
rflags reserved bit 1 is 0.
This patch fixes it by resetting both the GUEST_RFLAGS vmcs field and
its cache to 0x2 during vCPU reset.
Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Tested-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com>
Cc: Nadav Amit <nadav.amit@gmail.com>
Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
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Dec 7, 2017
Reported by syzkaller: ------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: CPU: 5 PID: 2939 at arch/x86/kvm/vmx.c:3844 free_loaded_vmcs+0x77/0x80 [kvm_intel] CPU: 5 PID: 2939 Comm: repro Not tainted 4.14.0+ #26 RIP: 0010:free_loaded_vmcs+0x77/0x80 [kvm_intel] Call Trace: vmx_free_vcpu+0xda/0x130 [kvm_intel] kvm_arch_destroy_vm+0x192/0x290 [kvm] kvm_put_kvm+0x262/0x560 [kvm] kvm_vm_release+0x2c/0x30 [kvm] __fput+0x190/0x370 task_work_run+0xa1/0xd0 do_exit+0x4d2/0x13e0 do_group_exit+0x89/0x140 get_signal+0x318/0xb80 do_signal+0x8c/0xb40 exit_to_usermode_loop+0xe4/0x140 syscall_return_slowpath+0x206/0x230 entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x98/0x9a The syzkaller testcase will execute VMXON/VMLAUCH instructions, so the vmx->nested stuff is populated, it will also issue KVM_SMI ioctl. However, the testcase is just a simple c program and not be lauched by something like seabios which implements smi_handler. Commit 05cade7 (KVM: nSVM: fix SMI injection in guest mode) gets out of guest mode and set nested.vmxon to false for the duration of SMM according to SDM 34.14.1 "leave VMX operation" upon entering SMM. We can't alloc/free the vmx->nested stuff each time when entering/exiting SMM since it will induce more overhead. So the function vmx_pre_enter_smm() marks nested.vmxon false even if vmx->nested stuff is still populated. What it expected is em_rsm() can mark nested.vmxon to be true again. However, the smi_handler/rsm will not execute since there is no something like seabios in this scenario. The function free_nested() fails to free the vmx->nested stuff since the vmx->nested.vmxon is false which results in the above warning. This patch fixes it by also considering the no SMI handler case, luckily vmx->nested.smm.vmxon is marked according to the value of vmx->nested.vmxon in vmx_pre_enter_smm(), we can take advantage of it and free vmx->nested stuff when L1 goes down. Reported-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com> Cc: Radim Krčmář <rkrcmar@redhat.com> Cc: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Liran Alon <liran.alon@oracle.com> Fixes: 05cade7 (KVM: nSVM: fix SMI injection in guest mode) Signed-off-by: Wanpeng Li <wanpeng.li@hotmail.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
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Dec 11, 2017
In asn1_ber_decoder(), indefinitely-sized ASN.1 items were being passed
to the action functions before their lengths had been computed, using
the bogus length of 0x80 (ASN1_INDEFINITE_LENGTH). This resulted in
reading data past the end of the input buffer, when given a specially
crafted message.
Fix it by rearranging the code so that the indefinite length is resolved
before the action is called.
This bug was originally found by fuzzing the X.509 parser in userspace
using libFuzzer from the LLVM project.
KASAN report (cleaned up slightly):
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in memcpy ./include/linux/string.h:341 [inline]
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in x509_fabricate_name.constprop.1+0x1a4/0x940 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:366
Read of size 128 at addr ffff880035dd9eaf by task keyctl/195
CPU: 1 PID: 195 Comm: keyctl Not tainted 4.14.0-09238-g1d3b78bbc6e9 #26
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-20171110_100015-anatol 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:17 [inline]
dump_stack+0xd1/0x175 lib/dump_stack.c:53
print_address_description+0x78/0x260 mm/kasan/report.c:252
kasan_report_error mm/kasan/report.c:351 [inline]
kasan_report+0x23f/0x350 mm/kasan/report.c:409
memcpy+0x1f/0x50 mm/kasan/kasan.c:302
memcpy ./include/linux/string.h:341 [inline]
x509_fabricate_name.constprop.1+0x1a4/0x940 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:366
asn1_ber_decoder+0xb4a/0x1fd0 lib/asn1_decoder.c:447
x509_cert_parse+0x1c7/0x620 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:89
x509_key_preparse+0x61/0x750 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_public_key.c:174
asymmetric_key_preparse+0xa4/0x150 crypto/asymmetric_keys/asymmetric_type.c:388
key_create_or_update+0x4d4/0x10a0 security/keys/key.c:850
SYSC_add_key security/keys/keyctl.c:122 [inline]
SyS_add_key+0xe8/0x290 security/keys/keyctl.c:62
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Allocated by task 195:
__do_kmalloc_node mm/slab.c:3675 [inline]
__kmalloc_node+0x47/0x60 mm/slab.c:3682
kvmalloc ./include/linux/mm.h:540 [inline]
SYSC_add_key security/keys/keyctl.c:104 [inline]
SyS_add_key+0x19e/0x290 security/keys/keyctl.c:62
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Fixes: 42d5ec2 ("X.509: Add an ASN.1 decoder")
Reported-by: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.7+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
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Dec 11, 2017
Adding a specially crafted X.509 certificate whose subjectPublicKey
ASN.1 value is zero-length caused x509_extract_key_data() to set the
public key size to SIZE_MAX, as it subtracted the nonexistent BIT STRING
metadata byte. Then, x509_cert_parse() called kmemdup() with that bogus
size, triggering the WARN_ON_ONCE() in kmalloc_slab().
This appears to be harmless, but it still must be fixed since WARNs are
never supposed to be user-triggerable.
Fix it by updating x509_cert_parse() to validate that the value has a
BIT STRING metadata byte, and that the byte is 0 which indicates that
the number of bits in the bitstring is a multiple of 8.
It would be nice to handle the metadata byte in asn1_ber_decoder()
instead. But that would be tricky because in the general case a BIT
STRING could be implicitly tagged, and/or could legitimately have a
length that is not a whole number of bytes.
Here was the WARN (cleaned up slightly):
WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 202 at mm/slab_common.c:971 kmalloc_slab+0x5d/0x70 mm/slab_common.c:971
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 202 Comm: keyctl Tainted: G B 4.14.0-09238-g1d3b78bbc6e9 #26
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-20171110_100015-anatol 04/01/2014
task: ffff880033014180 task.stack: ffff8800305c8000
Call Trace:
__do_kmalloc mm/slab.c:3706 [inline]
__kmalloc_track_caller+0x22/0x2e0 mm/slab.c:3726
kmemdup+0x17/0x40 mm/util.c:118
kmemdup include/linux/string.h:414 [inline]
x509_cert_parse+0x2cb/0x620 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:106
x509_key_preparse+0x61/0x750 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_public_key.c:174
asymmetric_key_preparse+0xa4/0x150 crypto/asymmetric_keys/asymmetric_type.c:388
key_create_or_update+0x4d4/0x10a0 security/keys/key.c:850
SYSC_add_key security/keys/keyctl.c:122 [inline]
SyS_add_key+0xe8/0x290 security/keys/keyctl.c:62
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Fixes: 42d5ec2 ("X.509: Add an ASN.1 decoder")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v3.7+
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
palmer-dabbelt
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Dec 21, 2017
In rsa_get_n(), if the buffer contained all 0's and "FIPS mode" is
enabled, we would read one byte past the end of the buffer while
scanning the leading zeroes. Fix it by checking 'n_sz' before '!*ptr'.
This bug was reachable by adding a specially crafted key of type
"asymmetric" (requires CONFIG_RSA and CONFIG_X509_CERTIFICATE_PARSER).
KASAN report:
BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in rsa_get_n+0x19e/0x1d0 crypto/rsa_helper.c:33
Read of size 1 at addr ffff88003501a708 by task keyctl/196
CPU: 1 PID: 196 Comm: keyctl Not tainted 4.14.0-09238-g1d3b78bbc6e9 #26
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.11.0-20171110_100015-anatol 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
rsa_get_n+0x19e/0x1d0 crypto/rsa_helper.c:33
asn1_ber_decoder+0x82a/0x1fd0 lib/asn1_decoder.c:328
rsa_set_pub_key+0xd3/0x320 crypto/rsa.c:278
crypto_akcipher_set_pub_key ./include/crypto/akcipher.h:364 [inline]
pkcs1pad_set_pub_key+0xae/0x200 crypto/rsa-pkcs1pad.c:117
crypto_akcipher_set_pub_key ./include/crypto/akcipher.h:364 [inline]
public_key_verify_signature+0x270/0x9d0 crypto/asymmetric_keys/public_key.c:106
x509_check_for_self_signed+0x2ea/0x480 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_public_key.c:141
x509_cert_parse+0x46a/0x620 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:129
x509_key_preparse+0x61/0x750 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_public_key.c:174
asymmetric_key_preparse+0xa4/0x150 crypto/asymmetric_keys/asymmetric_type.c:388
key_create_or_update+0x4d4/0x10a0 security/keys/key.c:850
SYSC_add_key security/keys/keyctl.c:122 [inline]
SyS_add_key+0xe8/0x290 security/keys/keyctl.c:62
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Allocated by task 196:
__do_kmalloc mm/slab.c:3711 [inline]
__kmalloc_track_caller+0x118/0x2e0 mm/slab.c:3726
kmemdup+0x17/0x40 mm/util.c:118
kmemdup ./include/linux/string.h:414 [inline]
x509_cert_parse+0x2cb/0x620 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_cert_parser.c:106
x509_key_preparse+0x61/0x750 crypto/asymmetric_keys/x509_public_key.c:174
asymmetric_key_preparse+0xa4/0x150 crypto/asymmetric_keys/asymmetric_type.c:388
key_create_or_update+0x4d4/0x10a0 security/keys/key.c:850
SYSC_add_key security/keys/keyctl.c:122 [inline]
SyS_add_key+0xe8/0x290 security/keys/keyctl.c:62
entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x1f/0x96
Fixes: 5a7de97 ("crypto: rsa - return raw integers for the ASN.1 parser")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.8+
Cc: Tudor Ambarus <tudor-dan.ambarus@nxp.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Reviewed-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
palmer-dabbelt
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Jan 17, 2018
The hotplug code uses its own workqueue to handle IRQ requests (pseries_hp_wq), however that workqueue is initialized after init_ras_IRQ(). That can lead to a kernel panic if any hotplug interrupts fire after init_ras_IRQ() but before pseries_hp_wq is initialised. eg: UDP-Lite hash table entries: 2048 (order: 0, 65536 bytes) NET: Registered protocol family 1 Unpacking initramfs... (qemu) object_add memory-backend-ram,id=mem1,size=10G (qemu) device_add pc-dimm,id=dimm1,memdev=mem1 Unable to handle kernel paging request for data at address 0xf94d03007c421378 Faulting instruction address: 0xc00000000012d744 Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1] LE SMP NR_CPUS=2048 NUMA pSeries Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 4.15.0-rc2-ziviani+ #26 task: (ptrval) task.stack: (ptrval) NIP: c00000000012d744 LR: c00000000012d744 CTR: 0000000000000000 REGS: (ptrval) TRAP: 0380 Not tainted (4.15.0-rc2-ziviani+) MSR: 8000000000009033 <SF,EE,ME,IR,DR,RI,LE> CR: 28088042 XER: 20040000 CFAR: c00000000012d3c4 SOFTE: 0 ... NIP [c00000000012d744] __queue_work+0xd4/0x5c0 LR [c00000000012d744] __queue_work+0xd4/0x5c0 Call Trace: [c0000000fffefb90] [c00000000012d744] __queue_work+0xd4/0x5c0 (unreliable) [c0000000fffefc70] [c00000000012dce4] queue_work_on+0xb4/0xf0 This commit makes the RAS IRQ registration explicitly dependent on the creation of the pseries_hp_wq. Reported-by: Min Deng <mdeng@redhat.com> Reported-by: Daniel Henrique Barboza <danielhb@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Tested-by: Jose Ricardo Ziviani <joserz@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Reviewed-by: David Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
palmer-dabbelt
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May 14, 2018
syzbot caught an infinite recursion in nsh_gso_segment().
Problem here is that we need to make sure the NSH header is of
reasonable length.
BUG: MAX_LOCK_DEPTH too low!
turning off the locking correctness validator.
depth: 48 max: 48!
48 locks held by syz-executor0/10189:
#0: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock_bh){....}, at: __dev_queue_xmit+0x30f/0x34c0 net/core/dev.c:3517
#1: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#1: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#2: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#2: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#3: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#3: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#4: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#4: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#5: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#5: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#6: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#6: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#7: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#7: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#8: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#8: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#9: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#9: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#10: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#10: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#11: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#11: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#12: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#12: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#13: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#13: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#14: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#14: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#15: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#15: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#16: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#16: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#17: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#17: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#18: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#18: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#19: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#19: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#20: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#20: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#21: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#21: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#22: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#22: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#23: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#23: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#24: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#24: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#25: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#25: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#26: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#26: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#27: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#27: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#28: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#28: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#29: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#29: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#30: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#30: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#31: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#31: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
dccp_close: ABORT with 65423 bytes unread
#32: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#32: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#33: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#33: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#34: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#34: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#35: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#35: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#36: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#36: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#37: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#37: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#38: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#38: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#39: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#39: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#40: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#40: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#41: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#41: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#42: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#42: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#43: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#43: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#44: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#44: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#45: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#45: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#46: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#46: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
#47: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: __skb_pull include/linux/skbuff.h:2080 [inline]
#47: (ptrval) (rcu_read_lock){....}, at: skb_mac_gso_segment+0x221/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2787
INFO: lockdep is turned off.
CPU: 1 PID: 10189 Comm: syz-executor0 Not tainted 4.17.0-rc2+ #26
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 01/01/2011
Call Trace:
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:77 [inline]
dump_stack+0x1b9/0x294 lib/dump_stack.c:113
__lock_acquire+0x1788/0x5140 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3449
lock_acquire+0x1dc/0x520 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3920
rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:246 [inline]
rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:632 [inline]
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x25b/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2789
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
nsh_gso_segment+0x405/0xb60 net/nsh/nsh.c:107
skb_mac_gso_segment+0x3ad/0x720 net/core/dev.c:2792
__skb_gso_segment+0x3bb/0x870 net/core/dev.c:2865
skb_gso_segment include/linux/netdevice.h:4025 [inline]
validate_xmit_skb+0x54d/0xd90 net/core/dev.c:3118
validate_xmit_skb_list+0xbf/0x120 net/core/dev.c:3168
sch_direct_xmit+0x354/0x11e0 net/sched/sch_generic.c:312
qdisc_restart net/sched/sch_generic.c:399 [inline]
__qdisc_run+0x741/0x1af0 net/sched/sch_generic.c:410
__dev_xmit_skb net/core/dev.c:3243 [inline]
__dev_queue_xmit+0x28ea/0x34c0 net/core/dev.c:3551
dev_queue_xmit+0x17/0x20 net/core/dev.c:3616
packet_snd net/packet/af_packet.c:2951 [inline]
packet_sendmsg+0x40f8/0x6070 net/packet/af_packet.c:2976
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:629 [inline]
sock_sendmsg+0xd5/0x120 net/socket.c:639
__sys_sendto+0x3d7/0x670 net/socket.c:1789
__do_sys_sendto net/socket.c:1801 [inline]
__se_sys_sendto net/socket.c:1797 [inline]
__x64_sys_sendto+0xe1/0x1a0 net/socket.c:1797
do_syscall_64+0x1b1/0x800 arch/x86/entry/common.c:287
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x49/0xbe
Fixes: c411ed8 ("nsh: add GSO support")
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Benc <jbenc@redhat.com>
Reported-by: syzbot <syzkaller@googlegroups.com>
Acked-by: Jiri Benc <jbenc@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
palmer-dabbelt
pushed a commit
that referenced
this pull request
Jul 23, 2018
Crash dump shows following instructions crash> bt PID: 0 TASK: ffffffffbe412480 CPU: 0 COMMAND: "swapper/0" #0 [ffff891ee0003868] machine_kexec at ffffffffbd063ef1 #1 [ffff891ee00038c8] __crash_kexec at ffffffffbd12b6f2 #2 [ffff891ee0003998] crash_kexec at ffffffffbd12c84c #3 [ffff891ee00039b8] oops_end at ffffffffbd030f0a #4 [ffff891ee00039e0] no_context at ffffffffbd074643 #5 [ffff891ee0003a40] __bad_area_nosemaphore at ffffffffbd07496e #6 [ffff891ee0003a90] bad_area_nosemaphore at ffffffffbd074a64 #7 [ffff891ee0003aa0] __do_page_fault at ffffffffbd074b0a #8 [ffff891ee0003b18] do_page_fault at ffffffffbd074fc8 #9 [ffff891ee0003b50] page_fault at ffffffffbda01925 [exception RIP: qlt_schedule_sess_for_deletion+15] RIP: ffffffffc02e526f RSP: ffff891ee0003c08 RFLAGS: 00010046 RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: ffffffffc0307847 RDX: 00000000000020e6 RSI: ffff891edbc377c8 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffff891ee0003c18 R8: ffffffffc02f0b20 R9: 0000000000000250 R10: 0000000000000258 R11: 000000000000b780 R12: ffff891ed9b43000 R13: 00000000000000f0 R14: 0000000000000006 R15: ffff891edbc377c8 ORIG_RAX: ffffffffffffffff CS: 0010 SS: 0018 #10 [ffff891ee0003c20] qla2x00_fcport_event_handler at ffffffffc02853d3 [qla2xxx] #11 [ffff891ee0003cf0] __dta_qla24xx_async_gnl_sp_done_333 at ffffffffc0285a1d [qla2xxx] #12 [ffff891ee0003de8] qla24xx_process_response_queue at ffffffffc02a2eb5 [qla2xxx] #13 [ffff891ee0003e88] qla24xx_msix_rsp_q at ffffffffc02a5403 [qla2xxx] #14 [ffff891ee0003ec0] __handle_irq_event_percpu at ffffffffbd0f4c59 #15 [ffff891ee0003f10] handle_irq_event_percpu at ffffffffbd0f4e02 #16 [ffff891ee0003f40] handle_irq_event at ffffffffbd0f4e90 #17 [ffff891ee0003f68] handle_edge_irq at ffffffffbd0f8984 #18 [ffff891ee0003f88] handle_irq at ffffffffbd0305d5 #19 [ffff891ee0003fb8] do_IRQ at ffffffffbda02a18 --- <IRQ stack> --- #20 [ffffffffbe403d30] ret_from_intr at ffffffffbda0094e [exception RIP: unknown or invalid address] RIP: 000000000000001f RSP: 0000000000000000 RFLAGS: fff3b8c2091ebb3f RAX: ffffbba5a0000200 RBX: 0000be8cdfa8f9fa RCX: 0000000000000018 RDX: 0000000000000101 RSI: 000000000000015d RDI: 0000000000000193 RBP: 0000000000000083 R8: ffffffffbe403e38 R9: 0000000000000002 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: ffffffffbe56b820 R12: ffff891ee001cf00 R13: ffffffffbd11c0a4 R14: ffffffffbe403d60 R15: 0000000000000001 ORIG_RAX: ffff891ee0022ac0 CS: 0000 SS: ffffffffffffffb9 bt: WARNING: possibly bogus exception frame #21 [ffffffffbe403dd8] cpuidle_enter_state at ffffffffbd67c6fd #22 [ffffffffbe403e40] cpuidle_enter at ffffffffbd67c907 #23 [ffffffffbe403e50] call_cpuidle at ffffffffbd0d98f3 #24 [ffffffffbe403e60] do_idle at ffffffffbd0d9b42 #25 [ffffffffbe403e98] cpu_startup_entry at ffffffffbd0d9da3 #26 [ffffffffbe403ec0] rest_init at ffffffffbd81d4aa #27 [ffffffffbe403ed0] start_kernel at ffffffffbe67d2ca #28 [ffffffffbe403f28] x86_64_start_reservations at ffffffffbe67c675 #29 [ffffffffbe403f38] x86_64_start_kernel at ffffffffbe67c6eb #30 [ffffffffbe403f50] secondary_startup_64 at ffffffffbd0000d5 Fixes: 040036b ("scsi: qla2xxx: Delay loop id allocation at login") Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v4.17+ Signed-off-by: Chuck Anderson <chuck.anderson@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@cavium.com> Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
palmer-dabbelt
pushed a commit
that referenced
this pull request
Nov 12, 2018
Increase kasan instrumented kernel stack size from 32k to 64k. Other architectures seems to get away with just doubling kernel stack size under kasan, but on s390 this appears to be not enough due to bigger frame size. The particular pain point is kasan inlined checks (CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE vs CONFIG_KASAN_OUTLINE). With inlined checks one particular case hitting stack overflow is fs sync on xfs filesystem: #0 [9a0681e8] 704 bytes check_usage at 34b1fc #1 [9a0684a8] 432 bytes check_usage at 34c710 #2 [9a068658] 1048 bytes validate_chain at 35044a #3 [9a068a70] 312 bytes __lock_acquire at 3559fe #4 [9a068ba8] 440 bytes lock_acquire at 3576ee #5 [9a068d60] 104 bytes _raw_spin_lock at 21b44e0 #6 [9a068dc8] 1992 bytes enqueue_entity at 2dbf72 #7 [9a069590] 1496 bytes enqueue_task_fair at 2df5f0 #8 [9a069b68] 64 bytes ttwu_do_activate at 28f438 #9 [9a069ba8] 552 bytes try_to_wake_up at 298c4c #10 [9a069dd0] 168 bytes wake_up_worker at 23f97c #11 [9a069e78] 200 bytes insert_work at 23fc2e #12 [9a069f40] 648 bytes __queue_work at 2487c0 #13 [9a06a1c8] 200 bytes __queue_delayed_work at 24db28 #14 [9a06a290] 248 bytes mod_delayed_work_on at 24de84 #15 [9a06a388] 24 bytes kblockd_mod_delayed_work_on at 153e2a0 #16 [9a06a3a0] 288 bytes __blk_mq_delay_run_hw_queue at 158168c #17 [9a06a4c0] 192 bytes blk_mq_run_hw_queue at 1581a3c #18 [9a06a580] 184 bytes blk_mq_sched_insert_requests at 15a2192 #19 [9a06a638] 1024 bytes blk_mq_flush_plug_list at 1590f3a #20 [9a06aa38] 704 bytes blk_flush_plug_list at 1555028 #21 [9a06acf8] 320 bytes schedule at 219e476 #22 [9a06ae38] 760 bytes schedule_timeout at 21b0aac #23 [9a06b130] 408 bytes wait_for_common at 21a1706 #24 [9a06b2c8] 360 bytes xfs_buf_iowait at fa1540 #25 [9a06b430] 256 bytes __xfs_buf_submit at fadae6 #26 [9a06b530] 264 bytes xfs_buf_read_map at fae3f6 #27 [9a06b638] 656 bytes xfs_trans_read_buf_map at 10ac9a8 #28 [9a06b8c8] 304 bytes xfs_btree_kill_root at e72426 #29 [9a06b9f8] 288 bytes xfs_btree_lookup_get_block at e7bc5e #30 [9a06bb18] 624 bytes xfs_btree_lookup at e7e1a6 #31 [9a06bd88] 2664 bytes xfs_alloc_ag_vextent_near at dfa070 #32 [9a06c7f0] 144 bytes xfs_alloc_ag_vextent at dff3ca #33 [9a06c880] 1128 bytes xfs_alloc_vextent at e05fce #34 [9a06cce8] 584 bytes xfs_bmap_btalloc at e58342 #35 [9a06cf30] 1336 bytes xfs_bmapi_write at e618de #36 [9a06d468] 776 bytes xfs_iomap_write_allocate at ff678e #37 [9a06d770] 720 bytes xfs_map_blocks at f82af8 #38 [9a06da40] 928 bytes xfs_writepage_map at f83cd6 #39 [9a06dde0] 320 bytes xfs_do_writepage at f85872 #40 [9a06df20] 1320 bytes write_cache_pages at 73dfe8 #41 [9a06e448] 208 bytes xfs_vm_writepages at f7f892 #42 [9a06e518] 88 bytes do_writepages at 73fe6a #43 [9a06e570] 872 bytes __writeback_single_inode at a20cb6 #44 [9a06e8d8] 664 bytes writeback_sb_inodes at a23be2 #45 [9a06eb70] 296 bytes __writeback_inodes_wb at a242e0 #46 [9a06ec98] 928 bytes wb_writeback at a2500e #47 [9a06f038] 848 bytes wb_do_writeback at a260ae #48 [9a06f388] 536 bytes wb_workfn at a28228 #49 [9a06f5a0] 1088 bytes process_one_work at 24a234 #50 [9a06f9e0] 1120 bytes worker_thread at 24ba26 #51 [9a06fe40] 104 bytes kthread at 26545a #52 [9a06fea8] kernel_thread_starter at 21b6b62 To be able to increase the stack size to 64k reuse LLILL instruction in __switch_to function to load 64k - STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD - __PT_SIZE (65192) value as unsigned. Reported-by: Benjamin Block <bblock@linux.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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In order to get uname correct, I build the kernel with the following
patch applied
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 95a0e82..6e2ff96 10644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -263,6 +263,14 @@ ifeq ($(ARCH),x86_64)
SRCARCH := x86
endif
+# Additional ARCH settings for RISC-V
+ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv32)
+ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv64)
+
Additional ARCH settings for sparc
ifeq ($(ARCH),sparc32)SRCARCH := sparc
and then proceed to run "make ARCH=riscv64 ...". It turns out that
this doesn't work correctly with the old defconfig mechanism. This
patch sets KBUILD_DEFCONFIG, which appears to be the new way to make
defconfig work. Almost all other architectures (x86, arm64, arm, PPC)
appear to do things this way.