fix(optimizer): LogicalAgg::prune_col with duplicate group_keys

[xiangjinwu]

I hereby agree to the terms of the Singularity Data, Inc. Contributor License Agreement.

What's changed and what's your intention?

For the following test case:

create table t(v1 int, v2 int, v3 int) with ('appendonly' = false);
insert into t values (1, 2, 3);
select v2, min(v1) as min_v1, v3, max(v1) as max_v1 from t group by v3, v2, v2;

The proj exprs should be [$1, $3, $0, $4] but is actually [$1, $2, $0, $3]. The output is also wrong:

 v2 | min_v1 | v3 | max_v1 
----+--------+----+--------
  2 |      2 |  3 |      1
(1 row)

This even panics:

explain select v2, sum(v1) from t group by v3, v2, v2;

Originally posted by @xiangjinwu in #3533 (comment)

Limitations:

• I have kept this PR to only contain the most necessary fix. Some helper utilities are no longer needed and can be cleaned up, but I do not want to distract the PR reader with them. A cleanup PR that keep logic equivalent will come later.
• Better plan can dedup group_keys as well, and support re-ordering of group_keys to avoid project completely in the following query: select v2, v3 from t group by v3, v2

Checklist

• I have written necessary docs and comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3632 (cccf08e) into main (be7830e) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3632      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   74.36%   74.35%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         776      776              
  Lines      110213   110210       -3     
==========================================
- Hits        81959    81946      -13     
- Misses      28254    28264      +10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	74.35% <100.00%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
...rc/frontend/src/optimizer/plan_node/logical_agg.rs	95.05% <100.00%> (-0.40%)	⬇️
src/frontend/src/utils/column_index_mapping.rs	75.22% <0.00%> (-4.43%)	⬇️
src/common/src/error.rs	65.92% <0.00%> (+1.11%)	⬆️

📣 Codecov can now indicate which changes are the most critical in Pull Requests. Learn more

[likg227]

LGTM