"wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 1)" cop/cop.rb:121:in `add_offense'

[paulmakepeace]

rubocop -d --auto-gen-config --exclude-limit 10000 is producing,

An error occurred while RSpec/MultipleExpectations cop was inspecting spec/foo_spec.rb:30:10.
wrong number of arguments (given 3, expected 1)
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/cop.rb:121:in `add_offense'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-rspec-1.18.0/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_expectations.rb:100:in `flag_example'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-rspec-1.18.0/lib/rubocop/cop/rspec/multiple_expectations.rb:74:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:57:in `block (2 levels) in trigger_responding_cops'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:105:in `with_cop_error_handling'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:56:in `block in trigger_responding_cops'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:55:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:55:in `trigger_responding_cops'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:33:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `block in on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:154:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:154:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `block in on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:154:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:154:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `block in on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:154:in `on_block'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `block in on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:49:in `on_begin'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:34:in `block (2 levels) in <class:Commissioner>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/ast/traversal.rb:12:in `walk'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/commissioner.rb:45:in `investigate'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/team.rb:114:in `investigate'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/team.rb:102:in `offenses'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cop/team.rb:44:in `inspect_file'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:265:in `inspect_file'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:212:in `block in do_inspection_loop'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:244:in `block in iterate_until_no_changes'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:237:in `loop'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:237:in `iterate_until_no_changes'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:208:in `do_inspection_loop'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:111:in `block in file_offenses'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:129:in `file_offense_cache'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:109:in `file_offenses'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:100:in `process_file'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:78:in `block in each_inspected_file'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:75:in `each'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:75:in `reduce'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:75:in `each_inspected_file'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:67:in `inspect_files'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/runner.rb:39:in `run'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cli.rb:160:in `execute_runner'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cli.rb:113:in `run_all_cops_auto_gen_config'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cli.rb:86:in `execute_runners'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/lib/rubocop/cli.rb:41:in `run'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/bin/rubocop:13:in `block in <top (required)>'
.../rubies/ruby-2.5.1/lib/ruby/2.5.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/gems/rubocop-0.56.0/bin/rubocop:12:in `<top (required)>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/bin/rubocop:23:in `load'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/bin/rubocop:23:in `<main>'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval'
.../gems/ruby-2.5.1/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `<main>'

It's producing hundreds of these stack traces, not all the same but they all share the same failure point (wrong number of arguments at cop.rb:121). The spec file contents can be bare-bones and the error is still thrown. Happy to provide more info if needed!

RuboCop version

$ rubocop -V
0.56.0 (using Parser 2.5.1.0, running on ruby 2.5.1 x86_64-darwin17)

[bbatsov]

Seems you're using some older version of rubocop-rspec, which is not compatible with RuboCop 0.56.

[Drenmi]

@paulmakepeace The compatibility release of rubocop-rspec was 1.19.0. Upgrading should resolve this issue.