Fix a false negative for Style/HashSyntax

[koic]

Follow up to #10368 (comment).

This PR fixes a false negative for Style/HashSyntax when Hash[foo: foo] or {foo: foo} is followed by a next expression.
https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18396 issue does not occur when hash syntax is enclosed in [], {}, or ().

---

Before submitting the PR make sure the following are checked:

• The PR relates to only one subject with a clear title and description in grammatically correct, complete sentences.
• Wrote good commit messages.
• Commit message starts with [Fix #issue-number] (if the related issue exists).
• Feature branch is up-to-date with master (if not - rebase it).
• Squashed related commits together.
• Added tests.
• Ran bundle exec rake default. It executes all tests and runs RuboCop on its own code.
• Added an entry (file) to the changelog folder named {change_type}_{change_description}.md if the new code introduces user-observable changes. See changelog entry format for details.

[tycooon]

I tested this version and I get errors with new case syntax:

case foo
in a: { a: 1 } # Generates `An error occurred while Style/HashSyntax cop was inspecting` error.
  1
else
  2
end

[tycooon]

Here is the error btw:

undefined method `braces?' for s(:hash_pattern,
  s(:pair,
    s(:sym, :a),
    s(:int, 1))):RuboCop::AST::Node

        !node.parent.braces? && !use_element_of_hash_literal_as_receiver?(ancestor, node.parent) &&
                    ^^^^^^^^

[koic]

Good catch! I was unaware of that case. The hash pattern matching can be ignored because its different semantic. I've updated this PR.

[tycooon]

Seems to work perfectly now 👍

[bbatsov]

Looks good! Thanks!