Fix crash in TracePoint c_call for removed method

trace_arg->id is the ID of the original method of an aliased method. If
the original method is removed, then the lookup will fail. We should use
trace_arg->called_id instead, which is the ID of the aliased method.

Fixes [Bug #19305]

test/ruby/test_settracefunc.rb

@@ -70,6 +70,29 @@ def test_c_call_no_binding
     assert_nil(binding)
   end
 
+  def test_c_call_removed_method
+    # [Bug #19305]
+    klass = Class.new do
+      attr_writer :bar
+      alias_method :set_bar, :bar=
+      remove_method :bar=
+    end
+
+    obj = klass.new
+    method_id = nil
+    parameters = nil
+
+    TracePoint.new(:c_call) { |tp|
+      method_id = tp.method_id
+      parameters = tp.parameters
+    }.enable {
+      obj.set_bar(1)
+    }
+
+    assert_equal(:bar=, method_id)
+    assert_equal([[:req]], parameters)
+  end
+
   def test_call
     events = []
     name = "#{self.class}\##{__method__}"

vm_trace.c

@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ rb_tracearg_parameters(rb_trace_arg_t *trace_arg)
         if (trace_arg->klass && trace_arg->id) {
             const rb_method_entry_t *me;
             VALUE iclass = Qnil;
-            me = rb_method_entry_without_refinements(trace_arg->klass, trace_arg->id, &iclass);
+            me = rb_method_entry_without_refinements(trace_arg->klass, trace_arg->called_id, &iclass);
             return rb_unnamed_parameters(rb_method_entry_arity(me));
         }
         break;