YJIT: Compile exception handlers

[k0kubun]

This PR supports compiling exception handlers in YJIT.

ratio_in_yjit

This improves ratio_in_yjit, e.g.

• liquid-compile: 94.2% -> 99.9%
• liquid-render: 89.5% -> 99.9%
• sequel: 97.8% -> 99.9%

Benchmark

This speeds up liquid-render by 25%, liquid-compile by 6%, and sequel by 4%.

before: ruby 3.3.0dev (2023-08-08T00:21:45Z master 69292676a2) +YJIT [x86_64-linux]
after: ruby 3.3.0dev (2023-08-08T03:57:11Z yjit-exceptions 9b1b055055) +YJIT [x86_64-linux]

--------------  -----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ------------
bench           before (ms)  stddev (%)  after (ms)  stddev (%)  after 1st itr  before/after
liquid-compile  41.4         0.6         39.1        0.5         1.01           1.06
liquid-render   71.7         0.2         57.5        0.2         1.12           1.25
sequel          49.0         1.8         47.1        2.1         1.02           1.04
--------------  -----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  -------------  ------------

Other benchmarks don't seem to have a significant performance impact.

[maximecb]

I think that the speedups are impressive. I'm a bit uncomfortable with the added complexity for entry points and interfacing with the interpreter though. This logic was already somewhat hard to follow. Needs clearer explanations in the comments and maybe a bit more streamlining if possible.

[k0kubun]

interfacing with the interpreter

I reworked the callback in 9b1b055. It's still as complex as it needs to be, but at least it's much faster than the previous version.

[maximecb]

Good work 👍 I'm excited to see the results on SFR!