Do not include a backtick in error messages and backtraces

.github/workflows/macos.yml

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
           TESTS: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests || '' }}
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'minitest,test-unit,debug,bigdecimal,drb,typeprof'
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
 
       - name: make skipped tests

.github/workflows/ubuntu.yml

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
           TESTS: ${{ matrix.test_task == 'check' && matrix.skipped_tests || '' }}
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'minitest,test-unit,debug,bigdecimal,drb,typeprof'
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
 
       - name: make skipped tests

.github/workflows/yjit-ubuntu.yml

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
         timeout-minutes: 60
         env:
           RUBY_TESTOPTS: '-q --tty=no'
-          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'typeprof'
+          TEST_BUNDLED_GEMS_ALLOW_FAILURES: 'minitest,test-unit,debug,bigdecimal,drb,typeprof'
           PRECHECK_BUNDLED_GEMS: 'no'
           SYNTAX_SUGGEST_TIMEOUT: '5'
           YJIT_BINDGEN_DIFF_OPTS: '--exit-code'

bignum.c

@@ -4975,7 +4975,7 @@ big2str_generic(VALUE x, int base)
         invalid_radix(base);
 
     if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'string'");
     }
 
     power_level = 0;
@@ -5100,7 +5100,7 @@ rb_big2str1(VALUE x, int base)
         invalid_radix(base);
 
     if (xn >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'string'");
     }
 
     if (POW2_P(base)) {
@@ -5136,7 +5136,7 @@ big2ulong(VALUE x, const char *type)
     if (len == 0)
         return 0;
     if (BIGSIZE(x) > sizeof(long)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `%s'", type);
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into '%s'", type);
     }
     ds = BDIGITS(x);
 #if SIZEOF_LONG <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
@@ -5179,7 +5179,7 @@ rb_big2long(VALUE x)
         if (num <= 1+(unsigned long)(-(LONG_MIN+1)))
             return -(long)(num-1)-1;
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long'");
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'long'");
 }
 
 #if HAVE_LONG_LONG
@@ -5197,7 +5197,7 @@ big2ull(VALUE x, const char *type)
     if (len == 0)
         return 0;
     if (BIGSIZE(x) > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG)
-        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `%s'", type);
+        rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into '%s'", type);
 #if SIZEOF_LONG_LONG <= SIZEOF_BDIGIT
     num = (unsigned LONG_LONG)ds[0];
 #else
@@ -5238,7 +5238,7 @@ rb_big2ll(VALUE x)
         if (num <= 1+(unsigned LONG_LONG)(-(LLONG_MIN+1)))
             return -(LONG_LONG)(num-1)-1;
     }
-    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `long long'");
+    rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into 'long long'");
 }
 
 #endif  /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */

bootstraptest/test_exception.rb

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ def m
 }
 
 ##
-assert_match /undefined method `foo\'/, %q{#`
+assert_match /undefined method 'foo\'/, %q{#`
   STDERR.reopen(STDOUT)
   class C
     def inspect

bootstraptest/test_syntax.rb

@@ -534,9 +534,9 @@ def assert_syntax_error expected, code, message = ''
 assert_syntax_error "unterminated string meets end of file", '().."', '[ruby-dev:29732]'
 assert_equal %q{[]}, %q{$&;[]}, '[ruby-dev:31068]'
 assert_syntax_error "unexpected *, expecting '}'", %q{{*0}}, '[ruby-dev:31072]'
-assert_syntax_error "`@0' is not allowed as an instance variable name", %q{@0..0}, '[ruby-dev:31095]'
-assert_syntax_error "`$00' is not allowed as a global variable name", %q{$00..0}, '[ruby-dev:31100]'
-assert_syntax_error "`$00' is not allowed as a global variable name", %q{0..$00=1}
+assert_syntax_error "'@0' is not allowed as an instance variable name", %q{@0..0}, '[ruby-dev:31095]'
+assert_syntax_error "'$00' is not allowed as a global variable name", %q{$00..0}, '[ruby-dev:31100]'
+assert_syntax_error "'$00' is not allowed as a global variable name", %q{0..$00=1}
 assert_equal %q{0}, %q{[*0];0}, '[ruby-dev:31102]'
 assert_syntax_error "unexpected ')'", %q{v0,(*,v1,) = 0}, '[ruby-dev:31104]'
 assert_equal %q{1}, %q{

class.c

@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ rb_define_class(const char *name, VALUE super)
         return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%s'", name);
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for '%s'", name);
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
     rb_vm_add_root_module(klass);
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ rb_define_class_id_under(VALUE outer, ID id, VALUE super)
         return klass;
     }
     if (!super) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for `%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE"'",
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "no super class for '%"PRIsVALUE"::%"PRIsVALUE"'",
                  rb_class_path(outer), rb_id2str(id));
     }
     klass = rb_define_class_id(id, super);
@@ -1706,7 +1706,7 @@ VALUE
 rb_class_attached_object(VALUE klass)
 {
     if (!FL_TEST(klass, FL_SINGLETON)) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "`%"PRIsVALUE"' is not a singleton class", klass);
+        rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "'%"PRIsVALUE"' is not a singleton class", klass);
     }
 
     return RCLASS_ATTACHED_OBJECT(klass);

compile.c

@@ -1791,7 +1791,7 @@ access_outer_variables(const rb_iseq_t *iseq, int level, ID id, bool write)
             COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not yield from isolated Proc");
         }
         else {
-            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not access variable `%s' from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
+            COMPILE_ERROR(iseq, ISEQ_LAST_LINE(iseq), "can not access variable '%s' from isolated Proc", rb_id2name(id));
         }
     }
 

debug.c

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ ruby_env_debug_option(const char *str, int len, void *arg)
             --len; \
         } \
         if (len > 0) { \
-            fprintf(stderr, "ignored "name" option: `%.*s'\n", len, str); \
+            fprintf(stderr, "ignored "name" option: '%.*s'\n", len, str); \
         } \
     } while (0)
 #define SET_WHEN_UINT(name, vals, num, req) \

eval.c

@@ -592,15 +592,15 @@ setup_exception(rb_execution_context_t *ec, int tag, volatile VALUE mesg, VALUE
             e = rb_obj_as_string(mesg);
             ec->errinfo = mesg;
             if (file && line) {
-                e = rb_sprintf("Exception `%"PRIsVALUE"' at %s:%d - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
+                e = rb_sprintf("Exception '%"PRIsVALUE"' at %s:%d - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
                                rb_obj_class(mesg), file, line, e);
             }
             else if (file) {
-                e = rb_sprintf("Exception `%"PRIsVALUE"' at %s - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
+                e = rb_sprintf("Exception '%"PRIsVALUE"' at %s - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
                                rb_obj_class(mesg), file, e);
             }
             else {
-                e = rb_sprintf("Exception `%"PRIsVALUE"' - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
+                e = rb_sprintf("Exception '%"PRIsVALUE"' - %"PRIsVALUE"\n",
                                rb_obj_class(mesg), e);
             }
             warn_print_str(e);

eval_error.c

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ error_pos_str(void)
             return rb_sprintf("%"PRIsVALUE": ", sourcefile);
         }
         else if ((caller_name = rb_frame_callee()) != 0) {
-            return rb_sprintf("%"PRIsVALUE":%d:in `%"PRIsVALUE"': ",
+            return rb_sprintf("%"PRIsVALUE":%d:in '%"PRIsVALUE"': ",
                               sourcefile, sourceline,
                               rb_id2str(caller_name));
         }
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ rb_ec_error_print(rb_execution_context_t *volatile ec, volatile VALUE errinfo)
     rb_ec_error_print_detailed(ec, errinfo, Qnil, Qundef);
 }
 
-#define undef_mesg_for(v, k) rb_fstring_lit("undefined"v" method `%1$s' for "k" `%2$s'")
+#define undef_mesg_for(v, k) rb_fstring_lit("undefined"v" method '%1$s' for "k" '%2$s'")
 #define undef_mesg(v) ( \
         is_mod ? \
         undef_mesg_for(v, "module") : \
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ rb_print_undef_str(VALUE klass, VALUE name)
     rb_name_err_raise_str(undef_mesg(""), klass, name);
 }
 
-#define inaccessible_mesg_for(v, k) rb_fstring_lit("method `%1$s' for "k" `%2$s' is "v)
+#define inaccessible_mesg_for(v, k) rb_fstring_lit("method '%1$s' for "k" '%2$s' is "v)
 #define inaccessible_mesg(v) ( \
         is_mod ? \
         inaccessible_mesg_for(v, "module") : \

ext/-test-/struct/member.c

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ bug_struct_get(VALUE obj, VALUE name)
     ID id = rb_check_id(&name);
 
     if (!id) {
-        rb_name_error_str(name, "`%"PRIsVALUE"' is not a struct member", name);
+        rb_name_error_str(name, "'%"PRIsVALUE"' is not a struct member", name);
     }
     return rb_struct_getmember(obj, id);
 }

file.c

@@ -3666,15 +3666,15 @@ rb_default_home_dir(VALUE result)
          * lookup by getuid() has a chance of succeeding.
          */
         if (NIL_P(login_name)) {
-            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find login name -- expanding `~'");
+            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find login name -- expanding '~'");
         }
 # endif /* !defined(HAVE_GETPWUID_R) && !defined(HAVE_GETPWUID) */
 
         VALUE pw_dir = rb_getpwdirnam_for_login(login_name);
         if (NIL_P(pw_dir)) {
             pw_dir = rb_getpwdiruid();
             if (NIL_P(pw_dir)) {
-                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find home for uid `%ld'", (long)getuid());
+                rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find home for uid '%ld'", (long)getuid());
             }
         }
 
@@ -3685,7 +3685,7 @@ rb_default_home_dir(VALUE result)
     }
 #endif /* defined HAVE_PWD_H */
     if (!dir) {
-        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find HOME environment -- expanding `~'");
+        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "couldn't find HOME environment -- expanding '~'");
     }
     return copy_home_path(result, dir);
 }

io.c

@@ -8612,7 +8612,7 @@ deprecated_str_setter(VALUE val, ID id, VALUE *var)
 {
     rb_str_setter(val, id, &val);
     if (!NIL_P(val)) {
-        rb_warn_deprecated("`%s'", NULL, rb_id2name(id));
+        rb_warn_deprecated("'%s'", NULL, rb_id2name(id));
     }
     *var = val;
 }

lib/delegate.rb

@@ -186,15 +186,15 @@ def !
   # method calls are being delegated to.
   #
   def __getobj__
-    __raise__ ::NotImplementedError, "need to define `__getobj__'"
+    __raise__ ::NotImplementedError, "need to define '__getobj__'"
   end
 
   #
   # This method must be overridden by subclasses and change the object delegate
   # to _obj_.
   #
   def __setobj__(obj)
-    __raise__ ::NotImplementedError, "need to define `__setobj__'"
+    __raise__ ::NotImplementedError, "need to define '__setobj__'"
   end
 
   #

lib/fileutils.rb

@@ -1651,7 +1651,7 @@ def user_mask(target)  #:nodoc:
       when "a"
         mask | 07777
       else
-        raise ArgumentError, "invalid `who' symbol in file mode: #{chr}"
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid 'who' symbol in file mode: #{chr}"
       end
     end
   end
@@ -1705,7 +1705,7 @@ def symbolic_modes_to_i(mode_sym, path)  #:nodoc:
             copy_mask = user_mask(chr)
             (current_mode & copy_mask) / (copy_mask & 0111) * (user_mask & 0111)
           else
-            raise ArgumentError, "invalid `perm' symbol in file mode: #{chr}"
+            raise ArgumentError, "invalid 'perm' symbol in file mode: #{chr}"
           end
         end
 

lib/irb.rb

@@ -1235,7 +1235,7 @@ def handle_exception(exc)
         lines.map{ |l| l + "\n" }.join
       }
       # The "<top (required)>" in "(irb)" may be the top level of IRB so imitate the main object.
-      message = message.gsub(/\(irb\):(?<num>\d+):in `<(?<frame>top \(required\))>'/) { "(irb):#{$~[:num]}:in `<main>'" }
+      message = message.gsub(/\(irb\):(?<num>\d+):in (?<open_quote>[`'])<(?<frame>top \(required\))>'/) { "(irb):#{$~[:num]}:in #{$~[:open_quote]}<main>'" }
       puts message
       puts 'Maybe IRB bug!' if irb_bug
     rescue Exception => handler_exc

lib/optparse.rb

@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ def pretty_print(q)         # :nodoc:
     def accept(t, pat = /.*/m, &block)
       if pat
         pat.respond_to?(:match) or
-          raise TypeError, "has no `match'", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(2))
+          raise TypeError, "has no 'match'", ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(2))
       else
         pat = t if t.respond_to?(:match)
       end

lib/ostruct.rb

@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ def delete_field(name, &block)
     end
     @table.delete(sym) do
       return yield if block
-      raise! NameError.new("no field `#{sym}' in #{self}", sym)
+      raise! NameError.new("no field '#{sym}' in #{self}", sym)
     end
   end
 

lib/pstore.rb

@@ -437,7 +437,7 @@ def fetch(key, default=PStore::Error)
     in_transaction
     unless @table.key? key
       if default == PStore::Error
-        raise PStore::Error, format("undefined key `%s'", key)
+        raise PStore::Error, format("undefined key '%s'", key)
       else
         return default
       end

lib/reline/history.rb

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def <<(val)
   private def check_index(index)
     index += size if index < 0
     if index < -2147483648 or 2147483647 < index
-      raise RangeError.new("integer #{index} too big to convert to `int'")
+      raise RangeError.new("integer #{index} too big to convert to 'int'")
     end
     # If history_size is negative, history size is unlimited.
     if @config.history_size.positive?

lib/time.rb

@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ def parse(date, now=self.now)
     #
     def strptime(date, format, now=self.now)
       d = Date._strptime(date, format)
-      raise ArgumentError, "invalid date or strptime format - `#{date}' `#{format}'" unless d
+      raise ArgumentError, "invalid date or strptime format - '#{date}' '#{format}'" unless d
       if seconds = d[:seconds]
         if sec_fraction = d[:sec_fraction]
           usec = sec_fraction * 1000000

lib/tmpdir.rb

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def create(basename, tmpdir=nil, max_try: nil, **opts)
         n ||= 0
         n += 1
         retry if !max_try or n < max_try
-        raise "cannot generate temporary name using `#{basename}' under `#{tmpdir}'"
+        raise "cannot generate temporary name using '#{basename}' under '#{tmpdir}'"
       end
       path
     end

marshal.c

@@ -617,11 +617,11 @@ w_obj_each(ID id, VALUE value, st_data_t a)
 
     if (to_be_skipped_id(id)) {
         if (id == s_encoding_short) {
-            rb_warn("instance variable `"name_s_encoding_short"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
+            rb_warn("instance variable '"name_s_encoding_short"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
                     CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
         }
         if (id == s_ruby2_keywords_flag) {
-            rb_warn("instance variable `"name_s_ruby2_keywords_flag"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
+            rb_warn("instance variable '"name_s_ruby2_keywords_flag"' on class %"PRIsVALUE" is not dumped",
                     CLASS_OF(arg->obj));
         }
         return ST_CONTINUE;
@@ -1796,7 +1796,7 @@ append_extmod(VALUE obj, VALUE extmod)
 #define prohibit_ivar(type, str) do { \
         if (!ivp || !*ivp) break; \
         rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, \
-                 "can't override instance variable of "type" `%"PRIsVALUE"'", \
+                 "can't override instance variable of "type" '%"PRIsVALUE"'", \
                  (str)); \
     } while (0)
 
@@ -2133,7 +2133,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
             st_data_t d;
 
             if (!rb_obj_respond_to(klass, s_load, TRUE)) {
-                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have method `_load'",
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "class %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have method '_load'",
                          name);
             }
             data = r_string(arg);
@@ -2169,7 +2169,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
                 append_extmod(v, extmod);
             }
             if (!rb_obj_respond_to(v, s_mload, TRUE)) {
-                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "instance of %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have method `marshal_load'",
+                rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "instance of %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have method 'marshal_load'",
                          name);
             }
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
@@ -2215,7 +2215,7 @@ r_object_for(struct load_arg *arg, bool partial, int *ivp, VALUE extmod, int typ
             v = r_entry(v, arg);
             if (!rb_obj_respond_to(v, s_load_data, TRUE)) {
                 rb_raise(rb_eTypeError,
-                         "class %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have instance method `_load_data'",
+                         "class %"PRIsVALUE" needs to have instance method '_load_data'",
                          name);
             }
             r = r_object0(arg, partial, 0, extmod);