needless_pass_by_value.rs

use crate::utils::ptr::get_spans;
use crate::utils::{
    get_trait_def_id, implements_trait, is_copy, is_self, is_type_diagnostic_item, multispan_sugg, paths, snippet,
    snippet_opt, span_lint_and_then,
};
use if_chain::if_chain;
use rustc_ast::ast::Attribute;
use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
use rustc_errors::{Applicability, DiagnosticBuilder};
use rustc_hir::intravisit::FnKind;
use rustc_hir::{BindingAnnotation, Body, FnDecl, GenericArg, HirId, ItemKind, Node, PatKind, QPath, TyKind};
use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass};
use rustc_middle::ty::{self, TypeFoldable};
use rustc_session::{declare_lint_pass, declare_tool_lint};
use rustc_span::Span;
use rustc_target::spec::abi::Abi;
use rustc_trait_selection::traits;
use rustc_trait_selection::traits::misc::can_type_implement_copy;
use rustc_typeck::expr_use_visitor as euv;
use std::borrow::Cow;

declare_clippy_lint! {
    /// **What it does:** Checks for functions taking arguments by value, but not
    /// consuming them in its
    /// body.
    ///
    /// **Why is this bad?** Taking arguments by reference is more flexible and can
    /// sometimes avoid
    /// unnecessary allocations.
    ///
    /// **Known problems:**
    /// * This lint suggests taking an argument by reference,
    /// however sometimes it is better to let users decide the argument type
    /// (by using `Borrow` trait, for example), depending on how the function is used.
    ///
    /// **Example:**
    /// ```rust
    /// fn foo(v: Vec<i32>) {
    ///     assert_eq!(v.len(), 42);
    /// }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// // should be
    /// fn foo(v: &[i32]) {
    ///     assert_eq!(v.len(), 42);
    /// }
    /// ```
    pub NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE,
    pedantic,
    "functions taking arguments by value, but not consuming them in its body"
}

declare_lint_pass!(NeedlessPassByValue => [NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE]);

macro_rules! need {
    ($e: expr) => {
        if let Some(x) = $e {
            x
        } else {
            return;
        }
    };
}

impl<'a, 'tcx> LateLintPass<'a, 'tcx> for NeedlessPassByValue {
    #[allow(clippy::too_many_lines)]
    fn check_fn(
        &mut self,
        cx: &LateContext<'a, 'tcx>,
        kind: FnKind<'tcx>,
        decl: &'tcx FnDecl<'_>,
        body: &'tcx Body<'_>,
        span: Span,
        hir_id: HirId,
    ) {
        if span.from_expansion() {
            return;
        }

        match kind {
            FnKind::ItemFn(.., header, _, attrs) => {
                if header.abi != Abi::Rust || requires_exact_signature(attrs) {
                    return;
                }
            },
            FnKind::Method(..) => (),
            _ => return,
        }

        // Exclude non-inherent impls
        if let Some(Node::Item(item)) = cx.tcx.hir().find(cx.tcx.hir().get_parent_node(hir_id)) {
            if matches!(item.kind, ItemKind::Impl{ of_trait: Some(_), .. } |
                ItemKind::Trait(..))
            {
                return;
            }
        }

        // Allow `Borrow` or functions to be taken by value
        let borrow_trait = need!(get_trait_def_id(cx, &paths::BORROW_TRAIT));
        let whitelisted_traits = [
            need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_trait()),
            need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_trait()),
            need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().fn_mut_trait()),
            need!(get_trait_def_id(cx, &paths::RANGE_ARGUMENT_TRAIT)),
        ];

        let sized_trait = need!(cx.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait());

        let fn_def_id = cx.tcx.hir().local_def_id(hir_id);

        let preds = traits::elaborate_predicates(cx.tcx, cx.param_env.caller_bounds.iter().copied())
            .filter(|p| !p.is_global())
            .filter_map(|obligation| {
                if let ty::Predicate::Trait(poly_trait_ref, _) = obligation.predicate {
                    if poly_trait_ref.def_id() == sized_trait || poly_trait_ref.skip_binder().has_escaping_bound_vars()
                    {
                        return None;
                    }
                    Some(poly_trait_ref)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        // Collect moved variables and spans which will need dereferencings from the
        // function body.
        let MovedVariablesCtxt {
            moved_vars,
            spans_need_deref,
            ..
        } = {
            let mut ctx = MovedVariablesCtxt::default();
            cx.tcx.infer_ctxt().enter(|infcx| {
                euv::ExprUseVisitor::new(&mut ctx, &infcx, fn_def_id, cx.param_env, cx.tables).consume_body(body);
            });
            ctx
        };

        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.fn_sig(fn_def_id);
        let fn_sig = cx.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(&fn_sig);

        for (idx, ((input, &ty), arg)) in decl.inputs.iter().zip(fn_sig.inputs()).zip(body.params).enumerate() {
            // All spans generated from a proc-macro invocation are the same...
            if span == input.span {
                return;
            }

            // Ignore `self`s.
            if idx == 0 {
                if let PatKind::Binding(.., ident, _) = arg.pat.kind {
                    if ident.as_str() == "self" {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }

            //
            // * Exclude a type that is specifically bounded by `Borrow`.
            // * Exclude a type whose reference also fulfills its bound. (e.g., `std::convert::AsRef`,
            //   `serde::Serialize`)
            let (implements_borrow_trait, all_borrowable_trait) = {
                let preds = preds
                    .iter()
                    .filter(|t| t.skip_binder().self_ty() == ty)
                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();

                (
                    preds.iter().any(|t| t.def_id() == borrow_trait),
                    !preds.is_empty() && {
                        let ty_empty_region = cx.tcx.mk_imm_ref(cx.tcx.lifetimes.re_root_empty, ty);
                        preds.iter().all(|t| {
                            let ty_params = &t
                                .skip_binder()
                                .trait_ref
                                .substs
                                .iter()
                                .skip(1)
                                .cloned()
                                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                            implements_trait(cx, ty_empty_region, t.def_id(), ty_params)
                        })
                    },
                )
            };

            if_chain! {
                if !is_self(arg);
                if !ty.is_mutable_ptr();
                if !is_copy(cx, ty);
                if !whitelisted_traits.iter().any(|&t| implements_trait(cx, ty, t, &[]));
                if !implements_borrow_trait;
                if !all_borrowable_trait;

                if let PatKind::Binding(mode, canonical_id, ..) = arg.pat.kind;
                if !moved_vars.contains(&canonical_id);
                then {
                    if mode == BindingAnnotation::Mutable || mode == BindingAnnotation::RefMut {
                        continue;
                    }

                    // Dereference suggestion
                    let sugg = |diag: &mut DiagnosticBuilder<'_>| {
                        if let ty::Adt(def, ..) = ty.kind {
                            if let Some(span) = cx.tcx.hir().span_if_local(def.did) {
                                if can_type_implement_copy(cx.tcx, cx.param_env, ty).is_ok() {
                                    diag.span_help(span, "consider marking this type as `Copy`");
                                }
                            }
                        }

                        let deref_span = spans_need_deref.get(&canonical_id);
                        if_chain! {
                            if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym!(vec_type));
                            if let Some(clone_spans) =
                                get_spans(cx, Some(body.id()), idx, &[("clone", ".to_owned()")]);
                            if let TyKind::Path(QPath::Resolved(_, ref path)) = input.kind;
                            if let Some(elem_ty) = path.segments.iter()
                                .find(|seg| seg.ident.name == sym!(Vec))
                                .and_then(|ps| ps.args.as_ref())
                                .map(|params| params.args.iter().find_map(|arg| match arg {
                                    GenericArg::Type(ty) => Some(ty),
                                    _ => None,
                                }).unwrap());
                            then {
                                let slice_ty = format!("&[{}]", snippet(cx, elem_ty.span, "_"));
                                diag.span_suggestion(
                                    input.span,
                                    "consider changing the type to",
                                    slice_ty,
                                    Applicability::Unspecified,
                                );

                                for (span, suggestion) in clone_spans {
                                    diag.span_suggestion(
                                        span,
                                        &snippet_opt(cx, span)
                                            .map_or(
                                                "change the call to".into(),
                                                |x| Cow::from(format!("change `{}` to", x)),
                                            ),
                                        suggestion.into(),
                                        Applicability::Unspecified,
                                    );
                                }

                                // cannot be destructured, no need for `*` suggestion
                                assert!(deref_span.is_none());
                                return;
                            }
                        }

                        if is_type_diagnostic_item(cx, ty, sym!(string_type)) {
                            if let Some(clone_spans) =
                                get_spans(cx, Some(body.id()), idx, &[("clone", ".to_string()"), ("as_str", "")]) {
                                diag.span_suggestion(
                                    input.span,
                                    "consider changing the type to",
                                    "&str".to_string(),
                                    Applicability::Unspecified,
                                );

                                for (span, suggestion) in clone_spans {
                                    diag.span_suggestion(
                                        span,
                                        &snippet_opt(cx, span)
                                            .map_or(
                                                "change the call to".into(),
                                                |x| Cow::from(format!("change `{}` to", x))
                                            ),
                                        suggestion.into(),
                                        Applicability::Unspecified,
                                    );
                                }

                                assert!(deref_span.is_none());
                                return;
                            }
                        }

                        let mut spans = vec![(input.span, format!("&{}", snippet(cx, input.span, "_")))];

                        // Suggests adding `*` to dereference the added reference.
                        if let Some(deref_span) = deref_span {
                            spans.extend(
                                deref_span
                                    .iter()
                                    .cloned()
                                    .map(|span| (span, format!("*{}", snippet(cx, span, "<expr>")))),
                            );
                            spans.sort_by_key(|&(span, _)| span);
                        }
                        multispan_sugg(diag, "consider taking a reference instead".to_string(), spans);
                    };

                    span_lint_and_then(
                        cx,
                        NEEDLESS_PASS_BY_VALUE,
                        input.span,
                        "this argument is passed by value, but not consumed in the function body",
                        sugg,
                    );
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Functions marked with these attributes must have the exact signature.
fn requires_exact_signature(attrs: &[Attribute]) -> bool {
    attrs.iter().any(|attr| {
        [sym!(proc_macro), sym!(proc_macro_attribute), sym!(proc_macro_derive)]
            .iter()
            .any(|&allow| attr.check_name(allow))
    })
}

#[derive(Default)]
struct MovedVariablesCtxt {
    moved_vars: FxHashSet<HirId>,
    /// Spans which need to be prefixed with `*` for dereferencing the
    /// suggested additional reference.
    spans_need_deref: FxHashMap<HirId, FxHashSet<Span>>,
}

impl MovedVariablesCtxt {
    fn move_common(&mut self, cmt: &euv::Place<'_>) {
        if let euv::PlaceBase::Local(vid) = cmt.base {
            self.moved_vars.insert(vid);
        }
    }
}

impl<'tcx> euv::Delegate<'tcx> for MovedVariablesCtxt {
    fn consume(&mut self, cmt: &euv::Place<'tcx>, mode: euv::ConsumeMode) {
        if let euv::ConsumeMode::Move = mode {
            self.move_common(cmt);
        }
    }

    fn borrow(&mut self, _: &euv::Place<'tcx>, _: ty::BorrowKind) {}

    fn mutate(&mut self, _: &euv::Place<'tcx>) {}
}