Detect object safety errors when assoc type is missing

When an associated type with GATs isn't specified in a `dyn Trait`, emit
an object safety error instead of only complaining about the missing
associated type, as it will lead the user down a path of three different
errors before letting them know that what they were trying to do is
impossible to begin with.

Fix #103155.

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/messages.ftl

@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ hir_analysis_unused_associated_type_bounds =
     .suggestion = remove this bound
 
 hir_analysis_value_of_associated_struct_already_specified =
-    the value of the associated type `{$item_name}` (from trait `{$def_path}`) is already specified
+    the value of the associated type `{$item_name}` in trait `{$def_path}` is already specified
     .label = re-bound here
     .previous_bound_label = `{$item_name}` bound here first
 

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/errors.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use crate::errors::{
     AssocTypeBindingNotAllowed, ManualImplementation, MissingTypeParams,
     ParenthesizedFnTraitExpansion,
 };
+use crate::traits::error_reporting::report_object_safety_error;
 use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
 use rustc_errors::{pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic, ErrorGuaranteed};
 use rustc_hir as hir;
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
 use rustc_span::edit_distance::find_best_match_for_name;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident};
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, DUMMY_SP};
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::object_safety_violation_for_assoc_item;
 
 use std::collections::BTreeSet;
 
@@ -472,24 +474,33 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 (span, def_ids.into_iter().map(|did| tcx.associated_item(did)).collect())
             })
             .collect();
-        let mut names = vec![];
+        let mut names: FxHashMap<String, Vec<Symbol>> = Default::default();
+        let mut names_len = 0;
 
         // Account for things like `dyn Foo + 'a`, like in tests `issue-22434.rs` and
         // `issue-22560.rs`.
         let mut trait_bound_spans: Vec<Span> = vec![];
+        let mut object_safety_violations = false;
         for (span, items) in &associated_types {
             if !items.is_empty() {
                 trait_bound_spans.push(*span);
             }
             for assoc_item in items {
                 let trait_def_id = assoc_item.container_id(tcx);
-                names.push(format!(
-                    "`{}` (from trait `{}`)",
-                    assoc_item.name,
-                    tcx.def_path_str(trait_def_id),
-                ));
+                names.entry(tcx.def_path_str(trait_def_id)).or_default().push(assoc_item.name);
+                names_len += 1;
+
+                if let Some(violation) =
+                    object_safety_violation_for_assoc_item(tcx, trait_def_id, *assoc_item)
+                {
+                    report_object_safety_error(tcx, *span, trait_def_id, &[violation]).emit();
+                    object_safety_violations = true;
+                }
             }
         }
+        if object_safety_violations {
+            return;
+        }
         if let ([], [bound]) = (&potential_assoc_types[..], &trait_bounds) {
             match bound.trait_ref.path.segments {
                 // FIXME: `trait_ref.path.span` can point to a full path with multiple
@@ -525,15 +536,33 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                 _ => {}
             }
         }
-        names.sort();
+
+        let names = names
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(trait_, assocs)| {
+                format!(
+                    "{} in `{trait_}`",
+                    match &assocs[..] {
+                        [] => String::new(),
+                        [only] => format!("`{only}`"),
+                        [assocs @ .., last] => format!(
+                            "{} and `{last}`",
+                            assocs.iter().map(|a| format!("`{a}`")).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
+                        ),
+                    }
+                )
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
+            .join(", ");
+
         trait_bound_spans.sort();
         let mut err = struct_span_err!(
             tcx.sess,
             trait_bound_spans,
             E0191,
             "the value of the associated type{} {} must be specified",
-            pluralize!(names.len()),
-            names.join(", "),
+            pluralize!(names_len),
+            names,
         );
         let mut suggestions = vec![];
         let mut types_count = 0;

compiler/rustc_hir_analysis/src/astconv/object_safety.rs

@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ impl<'o, 'tcx> dyn AstConv<'tcx> + 'o {
                             span,
                             E0228,
                             "the lifetime bound for this object type cannot be deduced \
-                         from context; please supply an explicit bound"
+                             from context; please supply an explicit bound"
                         );
                         let e = if borrowed {
                             // We will have already emitted an error E0106 complaining about a

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/mod.rs

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub use self::engine::{ObligationCtxt, TraitEngineExt};
 pub use self::fulfill::{FulfillmentContext, PendingPredicateObligation};
 pub use self::object_safety::astconv_object_safety_violations;
 pub use self::object_safety::is_vtable_safe_method;
-pub use self::object_safety::MethodViolationCode;
+pub use self::object_safety::object_safety_violation_for_assoc_item;
 pub use self::object_safety::ObjectSafetyViolation;
 pub use self::project::NormalizeExt;
 pub use self::project::{normalize_inherent_projection, normalize_projection_type};

compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/object_safety.rs

@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ fn generics_require_sized_self(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId) -> bool {
 
 /// Returns `Some(_)` if this item makes the containing trait not object safe.
 #[instrument(level = "debug", skip(tcx), ret)]
-fn object_safety_violation_for_assoc_item(
+pub fn object_safety_violation_for_assoc_item(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     trait_def_id: DefId,
     item: ty::AssocItem,